Objective
To investigate the potential effects of bee products, specifically royal jelly, bee pollen, and propolis, on skeletal muscle in aged experimental models, muscle cell cultures, and humans, with a focus on addressing sarcopenia.
Conclusions
Bee products, rich in antioxidants and with versatile pharmacological activities, have shown varying positive effects on muscle mass, strength, and function in laboratory animals and limited human studies. Potential mechanisms include reducing inflammation and oxidative damage, promoting metabolic regulation, enhancing satellite stem cell responsiveness, improving muscular blood supply, inhibiting catabolic genes, and promoting peripheral neuronal regeneration.
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