Conclusions
Nelumbo nucifera stem has shown a wide range of pharmacological activities, including anti-ischaemic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-fertility, anti-arrhythmic, antifibrotic, antiviral, anti-proliferative, anti-diarrhoeal, psychopharmacological, immune-modulatory, hypoglycaemic, aldose reductase inhibitory, antibacterial, aphrodisiac, anti-platelet, cardiovascular, anti-obesity, lipolytic, hypocholesterolaemic, hepato-protective, anticancer, and diuretic activities.