Chinese Herbs

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Executive Summary

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Write an executive summary in the form of a blog article on the topic of "Research into Chinese medicine treatment for Chinese Herbs" summarising the research below and using language that can be easily understood by patients and avoiding medical jargon using a professional and caring tone of voice.

Write an executive summary in the form of a blog article on the topic of "Researched Chinese medicine treatments for Chinese Herbs" summarising the research below in an objective and easy to understand way, and using language that can be easily understood by patients. Group the article into Chinese medicine treatments first, followed by nutrition and other treatments. Avoid using medical jargon and use a professional and caring tone of voice.

Write me a concise but easy to understand executive summary on the topic of "Chinese medicine treatments for Chinese Herbs" based on the following research that I will give you. Your summary should be 2 paragraphs long in Australian English spelling and include references to the studies.

A Systematic Review published in 2024 in the journal Frontiers in Oncology found that Acupuncture, in conjunction with Chinese herbs, enhances the treatment of uterine fibroids over the use of Chinese herbs alone. Methodology: A comprehensive literature search across eight databases was undertaken to identify randomized controlled trials that evaluated the combined clinical efficacy of acupuncture and Chinese herbs, versus Chinese herbs alone, in treating uterine fibroids. These trials were then subjected to data extraction and analysis to evaluate their methodological quality and potential biases. Discussion of results: A total of nine trials, involving 640 women, were included in this study. The combined analysis of these trials suggested that using acupuncture alongside Chinese herbs had a significantly punctuated effect on uterine fibroids treatment. This enhanced efficacy included a reduction in uterine size, lower hormone levels, and an improvement in the quality of life of patients, demonstrating a more pronounced therapeutic outcome than treatment with Chinese herbs alone.

A Experimental Study published in 2023 in the journal Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy found that Fructus Lycii and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge extract (FSE) shows potential as a clinical treatment for retinitis pigmentosa by inhibiting photoreceptor cell death following oxidative stress. The study utilized hydrogen peroxide to induce oxidative stress in 661 W cells, which were examined with flow cytometry and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The impact of this oxidative stress on the cells’ mitochondria was observed using an electron microscope to understand the nature of cell death. The study also analyzed the compensatory effect of the Fructus Lycii and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge extract on the retinal structure and function of rd10 mice using histopathological examination, fundus photographs, and electroretinography. Protein levels were evaluated using Western blot assays, specifically targeting proteins including Tumor Protein p53, Solute Carrier Family 7 Member 11, Glutathione peroxidase 4, Arachidonate-12-Lipoxygenase, and Dipeptidyl peptidase 4. The results showed that hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in 661 W cells increased oxidative stress products and certain protein expressions, while decreasing others. Notably, the activation of Glutathione peroxidase 4 did not lessen reactive oxygen species generation and had little impact on cell death. The research discovered that both Ferrostatin-1 and the extract could lessen reactive oxygen species generation and inhibit cell death of photoreceptors in retinitis pigmentosa, achieving this by inhibiting the expression of one protein and increasing the expression of two others.

A Network Pharmacology published in 2023 in the journal Annals of Translational Medicine found that The research unveils luteolin, quercetin, and kaempferol in RALRG as promising complementary components for RP treatment, with a key role in managing oxidative stress and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. The research used various databases such as Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform, GeneCards, and the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man database to gather the ingredients of RALRG and potential targets of RP and RALRG. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed to visualize these interactions. The R program was utilized to perform functional enrichment. The researchers constructed a visual RALRG-RP-pathway pharmacology network using Cytoscape 3.9.1 and applied molecular docking to compute binding affinity. The research revealed a total of 132 effective active elements in RALRG correlating to 248 target genes. Ninety-two intersection target genes were discovered from the overlap of RP- and RALRG-related genes. These intersection targets were discovered to be primarily involved in oxidative stress, responding to metal ions, and handling chemical stress. Several molecular pathways such as PI3K-AKT and MAPK were identified as closely connected to RP therapy. A potential pharmacology network was designed for the RALRG-RP-pathway with AKT1 and JUN being considered the main targets. The active ingredients luteolin, quercetin, and kaempferol were highlighted as crucial for this mechanism. RALRG overall was established as a main regulator for oxidative stress and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways in the treatment of RP.

A Experimental Study published in 2023 in the journal Journal of Functional Foods found that Fermented Pueraria lobata root extract and Glycine max extract showed estrogen-like activities, reducing depressive symptoms in menopausal mice but not increasing female cancer risks. The researchers focused on Pueraria lobata roots and Glycine max (also known as soybeans) extracts, which are rich in isoflavones but often limited in practical use due to their high molecular weight and low bioavailability. The researchers chose to ferment these extracts with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains which are known to convert glycosides to aglycones, potentially enhancing the beneficial effects of the isoflavones. Specifically, the study was conducted using ovariectomized mice. The research found that both fermented Pueraria lobata root extract and Glycine max extract exhibited estrogen-like activities. More intriguingly, the fermentation process increased the expression of estrogen receptor beta, suggesting that these extracts may not increase the risk of various female cancers—a common side effect of hormone replacement therapy—as was previously believed. Also, the ingestion of these extracts not only increased the estrogen receptor beta in the mice but also upregulated the expression of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the hippocampal region of the brain, thus improving depressive symptoms. The highest expression was observed in the group given a mixture of both extracts.

A Experimental Study published in 2023 in the journal Foods found that The fermented jujube seeds extract significantly enhances sleep by binding to the GABA receptors, thus offers a promising natural alternative for sleep disorders treatment. Methodology: An aqueous extract of jujube seeds (ZW) was fermented, following a starch-removing enzymatic degradation process, to increase its γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content, resulting in a fermented product (ZW-FM). The sleep-promoting effect of ZW-FM was evaluated using rodent models; specifically, sleep tests were performed on ICR mice with pentobarbital-induced sleep, while the electroencephalography analysis was undertaken in Sprague Dawley rats. Awakening relief effects of ZW-FM were assessed using a caffeine-induced insomnia model. To understand the mechanism, GABA receptor type A (GABA) antagonists were used. Results: The groups given ZW-FM treatment displayed a longer sleep duration, particularly increased δ-wave time during non-rapid eye movement sleep, and reduced sleep latency. Particularly, the model treated with ZW-FM showed an increase in non-rapid-eye-movement sleep and a reduction in the REM sleep duration, brought about by caffeine treatment. The enhanced sleep induction caused by ZW-FM was hindered by GABA receptor antagonists, thereby validating the involvement of a GABAergic mechanism in promoting sleep.

A Experimental Study published in 2023 in the journal Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy found that Zhangyanming Tablets show potential as a protective agent for retinal function in early-stage, genetically-caused blindness in mice, possibly due to their antioxidant and anti-/pro-apoptotic properties. Eighty mice with Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) were divided into two groups, with one group receiving Zhangyanming Tablets (ZYMT) and a control group getting distilled water. After a period of 7 and 14 days, the researchers conducted tests through electroretinogram, fundus photography, and histological examination to assess the retinal function and structure of the subjects. They furthered the study using TUNEL, immunofluorescence and qPCR to evaluate cell apoptosis and the expressions of particular genes. The ZYMT-treated mice displayed a notable enhancement in retinal reactions and overall preservation of retinal structure when compared to the control group. Particularly noticeable were increases in retinal thickness and cell count, alongside a significantly lowered rate of cell death. A comprehensive follow-up shows the altered expressions of several genes in the retina following the application of ZYMT. These results, combined, suggest a key role of ZYMT in mitigating the effects of RP especially in early stages.

A Randomised Controlled Trial published in 2023 in the journal Journal of Food and Dairy Sciences found that Cinnamon, ginger, and mint enhanced chocolates effectively reduce menstrual pain and improve blood iron levels without increasing body weight or negatively affecting cholesterol. The methodology of the study involved a sample of 48 female student volunteers, aged 18-25, from Mansoura University who were experiencing dysmenorrhea. These volunteers were divided into eight groups of six and each group was given a different type of chocolate: regular chocolate, chocolate without herbal powder, chocolate with cinnamon powder, chocolate with cinnamon oil, chocolate with ginger powder, chocolate with ginger oil, chocolate with mint powder, and chocolate with mint oil. Discussion of the results demonstrated that the consumption of chocolates supplemented with cinnamon, ginger, and mint powders and their respective essential oils led to a significant improvement in participants' hemoglobin scores compared to a control group which consumed normal chocolate. Furthermore, it was found that these chocolates had a positive influence on serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein scores. Importantly, chocolate consumption did not lead to an increase in the participants' body mass index, proving that these chocolate variants could reduce menstrual pain and lift blood iron levels without instigating weight gain or having adverse effects on cholesterol levels.

A Systematic Review published in 2023 in the journal Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine found that Combined Ma Huang Fu Zi Xi Xin decoction and Shen Mai injection treatment showed improved heart rate and symptoms in under 60s with bradyarrhythmia Using Ma Huang Fu Zi Xi Xin decoction along with Shen Mai injection (SMI) treatment is better than just SMI treatment for patients under 60 with bradyarrhythmia. This combo improves heart rate and reduces symptoms, with no major side effects. The combination's effectiveness might come from shared heart-rate boosting components. However, there were differences in heart rate data due to varied ECG analysis.

A Systematic Review published in 2022 in the journal Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine found that HuoXiang ZhengQi (HQXXD) may be a safe and effective treatment for Chronic Cough Variant Asthma (CVA), improving clinical efficacy and airway responsiveness while reducing recurrence rates. HuoXiang ZhengQi (HQXXD) for Chronic Cough Variant Asthma (CVA) was systematically evaluated. The HQXXD group showed significantly higher total effective rates of clinical efficacy and airway responsiveness compared to the control group, while the recurrence rate was lower. Adverse reactions were not reported in HQXXD treatment, indicating its safety for CVA patients.

A Review Article published in 2022 in the journal Frontiers in Pharmacology found that Various traditional Chinese medicine treatment strategies could potentially provide an effective alternative in slowing the progression of Chronic Kidney Disease. The study explores the use of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and various Chinese materia medica (CMM) to manage Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). The review delves deeper into the principles and treatment approaches of TCM in battling CKD, dictating that the disease's nature is deficient in the root and excessive in the branches, where deficiency and excess persist simultaneously throughout the condition. The main strategies employed by TCM in the treatment of CKD include invigorating Qi, tonifying kidneys, promoting blood circulation, removing stasis, eliminating heat and dampness, reducing turbidity, and controlling edema. The discussion highlights the effectiveness of several CMMs in treating CKD, which are undergirded by clinical evidence or experimental studies. Notably, it points out a correlation between the macroscopic view of TCM and the microscopic view of modern medicine. These TCM and CMM strategies are hailed for their multi-targeted and multi-functional characteristics, potentially providing an effective alternative treatment approach for CKD.

A Review Article published in 2022 in the journal Chinese Medicine found that Chinese herbal medicine interventions, particularly those based on the Bai-Tou-Weng-Tang and Shen-Ling-Bai-Zhu-San formulas, show promise in treating Ulcerative Colitis. This study analyzed Ulcerative Colitis clinical trials that used Chinese Herbal Medicine (CHM) interventions by systematically searching seven electronic databases for articles published in English and Chinese until November 25, 2020. The focus was on different CHM treatments, including both single herbs and CHM formulas. Descriptive statistics were utilized to portray the characteristics of these studies, along with collecting commonly Chinese Medicine (CM) patterns of UC and frequently used CHM herbs and formulas. The data from a total of 2311 studies were compiled, most of which were Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) that utilized CHM formulas. Findings revealed that the most commonly reported CM pattern in UC was 'Large Intestine Dampness-Heat', with 'Spleen Deficiency' being the basic CM pattern-type reported. Top CHM treatment formulas included Bai-Tou-Weng-Tang and Shen-Ling-Bai-Zhu-San. The most frequently used single medicinals were Huang Lian and Bai Zhu. Common Western medicine compounds used in tandem with CHM treatments were Sulfasalazine and Mesalazine.

A published in 2022 in the journal Journal of Ethnopharmacology found that Xiang Fu, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, shows significant antidepressant effects. The study reviewed the major antidepressant mechanisms and clinical applications of Cyperi Rhizoma, known as CR. It aimed to evaluate the pharmacological effects and the chemical compositions associated with these effects. The authors underwent an extensive literature search using "Cyperus rotundus L." as the search term across multiple electronic databases including Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and PubMed. In discussing the results, the researchers found that CR has broad application in alleviating symptoms related to stagnation of Qi, such as issues with the liver, stomach, and bowels, common in different countries. They identified the effective constituents of CR, including Aqueous extract, EtOH extract, essential oil, total oligomeric flavonoids, and five other extracts. These exhibited various pharmacological activities, such as antibacterial, antioxidant, neuroprotective, antihemolytic, and anti-inflammatory effects. Notably, specific components like α-cyperone and nootkatone showed antidepressant effects. Through synthesizing this scientific information, they concluded that CR holds potential as a herbal medicine to develop antidepressant drugs with fewer side effects.

A Cohort Study published in 2022 in the journal International Journal of Urology found that Chinese herbal medicine can significantly reduce the risks of complications and need for surgery associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia. The methodology of the retrospective cohort study involved analyzing data from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database, covering the period between 2001 to 2013. 4142 patients newly diagnosed as having benign prostatic hyperplasia were divided into Chinese herbal medicine users and non-users. To compare these groups, they employed 1:1 propensity score matching, and the risk of complications related to benign prostatic hyperplasia was evaluated using the Cox proportional hazard model. The results showed that during the study period, the risk of complications related to benign prostatic hyperplasia was considerably lower in the Chinese herbal medicine group compared to the non-Chinese herbal medicine group, even when other variables were controlled for. The Chinese herbal medicine users had a significantly lower risk of urinary tract infection and urine retention. Plus, the Chinese herbal medicine users experienced a lower incidence rate of surgery related to benign prostatic hyperplasia and enjoyed a longer surgery-free interval than non-Chinese herbal medicine users. Among the Chinese herbal medicine, Salviae miltiorrhizae and Ji-Sheng-Shen-Qi-Wan were prescribed the most by traditional Chinese medicine practitioners.

A Network Pharmacology published in 2022 in the journal Pharmaceutics found that Asthma severity can be notably reduced by Xi Xin essential oil, which decreases inflammation, immunoglobulins, and fibrotic mediators, while also alleviating airway obstruction. AEO was administered via a nebulizer for three weeks ahead of exposing mice to ovalbumin (OVA), a protein commonly used to provoke an allergic reaction, and particulate matter (PM), common air pollutants. Co-treatment of AEO, OVA, and PM was carried out for four weeks. Additionally, A549 lung epithelial cells were exposed to PM to study the influence of AEO on lung-fibrosis-related factors. In our study, we found that AEO notably inhibited goblet cell accumulation, which led to a decrease in epithelial thickness. Collagen deposition in lung tissues, a common marker of airway remodeling, was significantly inhibited by AEO in asthmatic mice exposed to OVA and PM. AEO also lessened the influx of inflammatory cells into the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, an indicator of respiratory inflammation. Similarly, the increases in serum IgE and IgG, immunoglobulins associated with allergic reactions, and cytokines in lung tissues were reduced by AEO. Moreover, AEO successfully managed the expression of key fibrotic mediators, particularly POSTN and TGF-β. All these indicators point to AEO's potential as a promising therapeutic treatment to alleviate asthma symptoms.

A Review Article published in 2022 in the journal Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine found that The Jing Si Herbal Drink, composed of various antiviral, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory herbs, has been confirmed as potentially effective in treating COVID-19 symptoms. The methodology incorporated in this study involves analyzing the efficacy of the component herbs present in Jing Si Herbal Drink (JSHD). This was done through in vivo and in vitro testing to understand their potential in treating COVID-19. JSHD comprises a combination of 5 antiviral, 7 antioxidant, 7 anti-inflammatory herbs. Furthermore, it includes 2 herbs that inhibit the overactive immune system, one herb that reduces cell apoptosis, and another with antithrombotic ability. These constituent herbs were evaluated for their impact on the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Discussion of the results showed that the ingredients in JSHD have demonstrated potential effectiveness against COVID-19. The active ingredients in the drink were effective in providing symptomatic relief for infected patients. The antiviral, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory herbs, along with those altering immune response, inhibiting cellular apoptosis and providing antithrombotic capacity, were all found beneficial against the disease. Thus, JSHD holds promise as a useful adjuvant or supplementary treatment in handling COVID-19.

A Network Pharmacology published in 2022 in the journal Annals of Medicine found that The Gui Zhi-Shao Yao herb pair in traditional Chinese medicine potentially treats chronic pain, anxiety, and depression through interactions with nine key targets. The methodology in this research utilised network pharmacology to explore the active components of the "Gui Zhi-Shao Yao" herb pair and their possible targets. Initially, 15 active compounds were identified through a series of analysis which revealed about 130 potential targets. By considering the intersections between the targets of the "Gui Zhi-Shao Yao" herb pair and chronic pain, anxiety disorder, and mental depression, nine vital targets were identified and listed in order of importance. The results discussion revealed that the "Gui Zhi-Shao Yao" herb pairing acted on the nine identified key targets to alleviate chronic pain, anxiety, and depression. Gene ontology and pathway analysis demonstrated that there were 11 primary pathways, including AGE-RAGE signalling pathway, IL-17 signalling pathway, and TNF signalling pathway. These pathways appear to be actively involved in the pathological processes, providing a holistic understanding of how the "Gui Zhi-Shao Yao" herb pair functions therapeutically.

A Animal Study published in 2022 in the journal Plants found that The traditional Chinese medicine Gan Mai Da Zao Tang may lessen depressive behaviors in rats, likely through licorice increasing serotonin transporter and brain-derived neurotrophic factor signals in the hippocampus. This study experimentally examined the antidepressant impacts of Gan-Mai-Da-Zao (GMDZ), a Chinese traditional medicine that contains blighted wheat, licorice, and jujube. The researchers used an unpredictable chronic mild stress model in rats, some of whom received an injection with p-chlorophenylalanine to generate a chemical model for depression. The investigators employed behavioral tests, including forced swim tests, open field tests, and sucrose preference tests, to evaluate the chronic influence of GMDZ. The oral application of GMDZ over 21 days considerably eased depressive behaviors in rats induced by either the unpredictable chronic mild stress or p-chlorophenylalanine. The treatment increased the expression of the serotonin transporter and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the hippocampus in the rats with depression. However, rats provided with a similar herbal mixture that did not include licorice showed a significantly worse response, suggesting that licorice may play an essential role in the efficacy of GMDZ in combatting depression-like behaviors.

A Experimental Study published in 2022 in the journal Frontiers in Pharmacology found that Si Wu Tang has improved menstrual symptoms by increasing estradiol content and antioxidative effects as a result of its herbs' synergistic relationships. In the methodology of the study, a testosterone-treated MCF-7 cell model was employed to determine the effects of each herb in the SWT formula. Key metrics that were considered included the regulation of estradiol, antioxidative effects, and the total polyphenol and polysaccharide contents as quality markers. The study also explored the potential ability of certain elements within the formula to act as an aromatase promoter, notably catalpol and other elements. In terms of results, certain herbs in SWT such as catalpol showed an ability to significantly increase estradiol content and boost upregulation in cell culture, indicating their role as potential aromatase promoters within the formula. Antioxidant activity was also strong in other compounds like pentagalloylglucose, gallic acid, and ferulic acid. These antioxidative effects were attributed to the presence of polyphenols in the herbs. Furthermore, the herb with the strongest antioxidant effects could possibly help ameliorate menstrual disorder patterns due to its ability to prevent ROS damage to the ovaries.

A Review Article published in 2021 in the journal Frontiers in Pharmacology found that Chinese herbal medicines could alleviate chronic kidney disease symptoms by combating fibrosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and encouraging repair and regeneration. The study's methodology consisted of both clinical and experimental approaches. It started with an examination of an array of traditional Chinese herbs. The criteria for considered herbs were their clinical efficacy, frequency of use in treating chronic renal disease, and a well-studied mechanism of action. Five herbs, namely, Tanshinone II A, Salvianolic acid A & B, Triptolide, Tripterygium glycosides and a monomer from Kudzu root, made the cut after having met the set criteria. The results showed that these Chinese herbs were found to possess pharmaceutical properties that were effective against fibrosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Furthermore, these also showed the potential to promote renal repair and regeneration, which are fundamental for treating chronic kidney disease. These findings suggest a broader scope of therapeutic treatments that could benefit the patients in a more natural and potentially less invasive way.

A Review Article published in 2021 in the journal Journal of Ethnopharmacology found that The essential oil from Ai Ye has shown significant anti-disease, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anti-cancer effects. The research methodology focused on conducting a thorough literature search using various databases including Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, Elsevier, CNKI, and Wanfang. Key words utilised encompassed "Artemisia argyi H.Lév. & Vaniot essential oil," "Artemisia argyi H.Lév. & Vaniot," and names of various chemical components such as "cineole," "caryophyllene," "cyclamen," "borneol," and "camphor." The intention was to comprehensively collect, collate, and analyse data about this oil's extraction methods, chemical components, influenced factors, pharmacological action, and toxicity. The analysis of the compiled results revealed that over 200 types of chemical components have been identified in the Artemisia argyi H.Lév. & Vaniot essential oil, diverse in nature including terpenes, ketones, alcohols, acids, alkanes, hydrocarbons, among others. Reported outcomes have shared a wide range of medicinal benefits, from anti-disease and resistive properties against microorganisms, to anti-inflammatory effects, pain relief, and even anti-cancer potentials. The findings also imply a wider application and developmental potential for Artemisia argyi H.Lév. & Vaniot, albeit toxicity cannot be completely disregarded and the exact mechanism of action is yet to be explicitly defined.

A Review Article published in 2021 in the journal Frontiers in Pharmacology found that Yu Xing Cao, a traditional Asian medicine, demonstrates organ protection, immune regulation, and anti-tumour activity when analysed in modern research. The methodology used in this review began by harnessing key search terms such as 'H. cordata and lung', 'H. cordata and heart', 'H. cordata and liver', and 'H. cordata and inflammation' to query research databases including PubMed, Web of Science and ScienceDirect. The focus was on articles published within the past decade that aligned significantly with the chosen keywords. Contents, disease models and research methods from these articles were analysed to form a comprehensive understanding of H. cordata's therapeutic effects. Results from the review found that H. cordata contained a variety of chemical constituents common to medicinal plants, including flavonoids and volatile oils, identified as the main active components. The plant demonstrated a range of pharmacological activities including organ protection, where it reduced the release of inflammatory factors to alleviate lung injury. The immunity regulation aspect enhanced immune barriers in the vagina, oral cavity, and intestinal tract, reducing pathogen infection due to its combined antibacterial and antiviral activity. It was also observed to have anti-inflammatory and anti-tumour properties, with a noted effect on lung, liver, colon, and breast tumours.

A Experimental Study published in 2021 in the journal Complementary Therapies in Medicine found that The Licorice and Jujube formula is seen as commonly used and potentially effective for treating menopausal symptoms as per classical Chinese medicine. The methodology of this study involved exploring classical Chinese medicine textbooks to find the most frequent herbal mix used for symptoms similar to menopause. The approach taken was to sort and identify the formulas from the Encyclopedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine, a comprehensive resource in this field. Following this, a thorough review of randomized controlled trials was performed in order to determine the efficacy of the most common formula. In terms of results, it was discovered that the Licorice and Jujube formula (LJF) was the most commonly found, mentioned in 36% of the analyzed references. The review of controlled trials revealed that the LJF might be effectively utilized for the improvement of sleep-related symptoms. Additionally, experimental studies hinted at potential benefits of the LJF, including sedative, antidepressant-like, estrogenic, and antiprogestogenic effects.

A Network Pharmacology published in 2021 in the journal Chinese Herbal Medicines found that Honeysuckle extract could provoke anaphylaxis and specific ingredients in honeysuckle potentially trigger this reaction. In the methodology, rat peritoneal mast cells were separated and purified, then incubated with a compound, saline, and honeysuckle extract at 37°C for varying time intervals. Cell degranulation was observed under microscopes, and the percentage of Annexin V positive cells, which reflect cell degranulation rate, was detected via flow cytometry. Rats were given honeysuckle extract injections, and afterward, symptoms, histamine, and tryptase levels were analysed to study the anaphylaxis effect. In the discussion of results, it was discovered that the percentage of Annexin V positive cells and cell degranulation ratio significantly rose in cells treated with honeysuckle extract. Histamine and tryptase levels also increased noticeably after injection of honeysuckle extract. Regression analysis identified certain peaks as potential anaphylactoid ingredients, indicating that honeysuckle could induce anaphylaxis and there were likely specific substances in honeysuckle that caused this reaction.

A Experimental Study published in 2021 in the journal Journal of Ethnopharmacology found that Fructus Lycii and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge extract improve retinal morphology and function by regulating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway to curb oxidative reactions. In terms of methodology, Fructus Lycii and Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (FS) extracts were identified through Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography analysis and administered intragastrically over four weeks to Rd10 mice, known to model retinitis pigmentosa. Following the animals' sacrifice, histopathological examination and Scotopic electroretinography analysis were performed. Oxidative stress markers were determined and the expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 mRNA were evaluated via quantitative real-time PCR. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were employed to identify the expression and distribution of Nrf2 and HO-1 protein. In the discussion of the results, substantial morphological improvements were observed regarding the thickness and number of the Outer Nuclear Layer, along with significant functional enhancements in a-amplitude and b-wave amplitude measurements, following FS extract treatment. In addition, the treatment led to a considerable escalation in superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase levels and a reduction in malondialdehyde levels. Furthermore, FS extract was found to stimulate the up-regulation of Nrf2 and HO-1 mRNA and protein expression, possibly underlying the observed retinal enhancements.

A Systematic Review published in 2021 in the journal Journal of Pharmacy Practice found that Black cohosh indicated potential benefits in hormone regulation and endometrial thickness, alongside safety in short-term use. This passage discusses a systematic review that aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of black cohosh for inducing ovulation, regulating hormones, and improving pregnancy rates in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)-related infertility. The review involved searching various databases for relevant studies and assessing their quality. Two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) met the inclusion criteria, and additional records were identified from clinical trial registries. The findings suggest that black cohosh may improve hormone regulation and endometrial thickness compared to clomiphene citrate (CC). Three RCTs reported improved pregnancy rates with black cohosh combined with CC. Adverse events were similar between groups. However, the studies had certain risk-of-bias concerns, and overall, there is insufficient high-quality evidence to firmly support the effectiveness of black cohosh in improving pregnancy rates in PCOS-related infertility. The short-term use of black cohosh appears to be safe.

A Systematic Review published in 2021 in the journal Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine found that Gui Zhi Decoction and associated formulas significantly improve the effectiveness of allergic rhinitis treatments when used alone or combined with Western medicine. The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Guizhi Decoction and associated formulas for treating allergic rhinitis. It included a comprehensive search of seven online databases for studies published until February 23, 2020. Each selected study's quality was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool. The research used systematic reviews based on the Cochrane systematic review method, facilitated by RevMan 5.3 Software. Interventions in the study varied from using Guizhi Decoction and associated formulas alone to combining them with Western medicine, acupoint-based therapy, Chinese patent medicine, and placebo control. Data from 23 trials involving 2281 participants were collected and systematically analysed. The results showed that Guizhi Decoction and associated formulas, either alone or in conjunction with Western medicine or acupoint-based therapies, exhibited higher efficacy compared to Western medicine alone. The study also reported that adding nasal traditional Chinese medicine fumigation therapy to the Guizhi Decoction formulations could further improve treatment effectiveness. Adverse events were primarily mild and primarily associated with the control groups that used Western medicine alone, requiring no specific medical intervention.

A Randomised Controlled Trial published in 2020 in the journal BioMedicine found that Consumption of jujube seed had a positive impact on improving the sleep quality of postmenopausal women and could be recommended as a useful herbal medication. The results show that the medicinal jujube seed capsule improved the sleep quality of postmenopausal women. Thus, it could be recommended as a safe plant with fewer complications compared to chemical and hormone drugs for the treatment of sleep disorders. Also, during the period of consuming jujube seed capsule in this study, except for a few cases of gastrointestinal disorders and in similar studies with this herbal medicine, consumers have reported no specific side effects. Therefore, considering that about one-third of adults in the world suffer from sleep disorders, the high prevalence of sleep disorders in postmenopausal women, and the lower cost of treatment by jujube seed capsule compared to other treatments, it is suggested implementing this treatment as a useful method in improving sleep quality in postmenopausal women.

A Network Pharmacology published in 2020 in the journal Computers in Biology and Medicine found that Ba Ji Tian may prevent osteoporosis through the ovarian steroidogenesis signaling pathway. The anti-osteoporosis targets of Ba Ji Tian mainly play a role in the response to steroid hormones. A total of 17 active compounds and 93 anti-osteoporosis targets of M. officinalis were selected for analysis. The GO enrichment analysis results indicated that the anti-osteoporosis targets of M. officinalis mainly play a role in the response to steroid hormone. The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that M. officinalis prevents osteoporosis through the ovarian steroidogenesis signaling pathway. Moreover, the molecular docking results indicated that bioactive compounds (morindon, ohioensin A, and physcion) demonstrated a good binding ability with IGF1R, INSR, ESR1, and MMP9.

A Experimental Study published in 2020 in the journal Frontiers in Pharmacology found that Jujube seed extract has been found to primarily reduce anxiety by regulating the GABAergic and serotonergic synapse pathways, specifically modulating GABRA1, HTR1A, and HTR2A. The research relied on a system biology method supported by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography Quadrupole Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) and Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR). Initially, 35 phytochemicals were identified from the Jujube seed extract, which related to 71 anxiolytic targets. Further investigations, including protein-protein interaction, gene cluster, Gene Ontology, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways analyses, were conducted to identify the anxiolytic mechanisms of the extract. The results highlighted that the main anxiolytic mechanisms of the Jujube seed extract were linked to the regulation of serotonergic and GABAergic synapse pathways. The extract's impact on the mRNA expressions of multiple gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA) and serotonin (5-HT) receptors subtypes was verified in human neuroblastoma cells. Surprisingly, the extract (250 μg/mL) not only amplified the mRNA level of GABRA1 and GABRA3 alongside HTR1A, HTR2A, and HTR2B in untreated cells but also suppressed the overexpressed mRNA of GABRA1, GABRA2, HTR1A, and HTR2A in stress-induced cells.

A Systematic Review published in 2020 in the journal Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine found that The study shows the promising potential of Suan Zao Ren as a multi-effect traditional Chinese medicine derived from the seeds of Ziziphus Jujuba. The methodology of the research was primarily a comprehensive literature review of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen (aka Suan Zao Ren). The team explored the botanical characteristics, traditional uses, pharmacology, and discovered compounds in the seeds of Ziziphus Jujuba. In regards to the results of the review, more than 150 compounds were identified in Ziziphi Spinosae Semen. These compounds, which mainly include terpenoids, flavonoids and others, show various biological activities. It was found that the seeds are particularly prominent in having sedative and hypnotic effects. Other properties discovered include antitumor potential, improvement to learning and memory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, anti-aging, alongside lower blood pressure and lipid levels. Traditional usage of the seeds for the treatment of insomnia, forgetfulness, headaches and dizziness were confirmed by the review.

A Systematic Review published in 2020 in the journal Frontiers in Pharmacology found that Huang Qi and Dang Gui show efficacy and safety in treating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The research methodology involved searching key databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) concerning treatments of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) with Astragalus mongholicus Bunge and Angelica sinensis. The quality of the identified studies was assessed using the Jadad rating scale, a system for evaluating the reliability of RCTs, and guidelines from the Cochrane Reviewer's Handbook were referred for assessing risk of bias. Primary outcomes from these RCTs were extracted and a meta-analysis was performed using specific software. The discussion of results revealed that seventeen eligible RCTs were subjected to systematic review and meta-analysis, with their risk of bias and quality evaluated. The findings indicated that both the total effective rate and traditional Chinese medicine syndrome effective rate were significantly higher in the experimental group than the control group. Similarly, main pulmonary function index, six minute walking distance and Borg scale questionnaire score showed improvement in the experimental group versus the control group. Additionally, incidence of adverse reactions was notably lower in the experimental group compared to the control group, suggesting the safety of the herbal treatments.

A published in 2019 in the journal Frontiers in Pharmacology found that We showed that Angelica sinensis is not that stimulatory in breast cancer both in vitro and in vivo, though Angelica sinensis should still be used with caution in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer patients. The present findings provided further scientific evidences, which showed that the estrogenic herb AS are not that stimulatory in breast cancer both in vitro and in vivo, though it should still be used with caution particularly in ER-positive breast cancer patients. This is the first systematic pre-clinical study to illustrate the safety use of AS in breast cancer patients by providing varied levels of evidences.

A Review Article published in 2019 in the journal Medicine found that Traditional Chinese medicine, particularly Jia Wei Xiao Yao San, Yi Mu Cao and Si Wu Tang, are prevalently utilised treatments for Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) by Taiwanese women. The research involved an investigation into the use of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) by Taiwanese women suffering from Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Data for the study was gathered from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database for the years 2000 and 2005. The researchers analyzed the demographic characteristics of the participants, the extent of TCM usage, and the frequency and average daily intake of particular Chinese herbal formulas and single herbs. The results indicated that 66.43% of the women reached out for TCM in managing PCOS and most especially in treating infertility or menstrual issues. The most commonly prescribed Chinese herbal formula was Jia-wei-xiao-yao-san, while Yi-mu-cao topped the list of the most commonly utilized single herb. Among the top 20 Chinese herbal formulas, Si-wu-tang was noted for its highest average daily dosage. The study effectively highlighted the preferences and prescription patterns relating to TCM for patients with PCOS in Taiwan.

A Systematic Review published in 2018 in the journal Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine found that Berberine's potential similarity to metformin in addressing glycolipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity, and exploring promising combinations involving berberine, metformin, and cyproterone acetate for treating polycystic ovary syndrome with insulin resistance. The passage outlines the outcomes of a comprehensive study conducted in the context of treating polycystic ovary syndrome with insulin resistance (PCOS-IR). The study involved screening 225 potential studies, ultimately selecting 9 trials from 10 studies for meta-analysis. The quality assessment of included trials is summarized in Table 2. Notably, the comparisons between berberine (BBR) and metformin (MET), as well as between MET+BBR and MET alone, demonstrated intriguing results. The former comparison showed no significant differences in various parameters, while the latter revealed a combined treatment effect involving reductions in luteinizing hormone (LH), LH/follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) ratio, and testosterone. Another significant focus was the comparison between combining cyproterone acetate (CPA) with BBR versus CPA alone, showing a more favorable impact on parameters like waist-hip ratio, insulin resistance, and lipid profiles in the CPA+BBR group. The discussion delved into BBR's effects on glycolipid metabolism, insulin resistance, and reproductive endocrine conditions. It also explored the potential benefits of combining BBR with Chinese herbs and highlighted BBR's relatively positive safety profile. In conclusion, the study suggested BBR's promise in treating PCOS-IR, but underscored the necessity for further well-designed trials to substantiate its effects and mechanisms in various treatment contexts.

A Review Article published in 2018 in the journal Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine found that Shu Di Huang, traditionally used in Chinese medicine, may effectively treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder by rectifying neurodevelopmental abnormalities, neuronal apoptosis, and energy metabolism failures. Rehmanniae radix preparata, a scrophulariaceae plant that has been used for millennia for nourishing kidney-yin, essence and filling marrow in traditional Chinese medicine, has been discovered to have antioxidant, antisenescence, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. Particularly telling is the active component, Catalpol, evidently helps elevate brain-derived neurotrophic factor and curbs neuronal apoptosis and energy metabolism failure. The results visualized with this study rest on an analysis of Rehmanniae radix preparata's effects on both mice and rats, wherein it inhibited spontaneous activity, improved learning and memory subsequent to thalamic arcuate nucleus injury, and revealed antidepressant effects. This leads us to the conclusion that the properties of Rehmanniae radix preparata align with the areas of dysfunction seen in ADHD, which exhibits hyperactivity-impulsivity and impairments in learning and memory, issues tied fundamentally to anomalies in the cortex mediated by dysfunction in neuronal development, apoptosis, and energy metabolism.

A published in 2018 in the journal Journal of Clinical Medicine found that Traditional Chinese Medicine, particularly Jia Wei Xiao Yao San and Xiang Fu, is widely utilized in Taiwan for managing Polycystic ovary syndrome symptoms. The study administered a comprehensive survey through the Taiwan National Health Insurance Program database to scrutinize the use of TCM in women diagnosed with PCOS between 1997 and 2010. Single herbs and herbal formulas, their utilization patterns, and the top commonly prescribed items among them, were analyzed to gauge the extent and pattern of TCM usage. The analysis of the survey results revealed that a significant majority, around 89.22%, of women who were newly diagnosed with PCOS, sought TCM therapy. The single herb, Xiang-Fu, and the herbal formula, Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San, emerged as the most commonly used TCM treatments. Furthermore, it was observed that the top five commonly prescribed single herbs and herbal formulas showed potential in treating symptoms associated with PCOS.

A Animal Study published in 2018 in the journal Drug Design, Development and Therapy found that The herbal formula B210 can alleviate snoring in aged rats by modifying the activities and breathing time of relevant nerves. In this study, aged rats were treated intraperitoneally with the herbal formula B210, a compound of specific herbal components, or a placebo (sham treatment). The effects of the treatment on snoring quality were analysed by comparing pressure and frequency of snoring, activities of the phrenic nerve, the recurrent laryngeal nerve, and the hypoglossal nerve, as well as inspiratory time and expiratory time of the phrenic nerve, and pre-inspiratory time of the hypoglossal nerve. The results of the study showed that the rats that received the B210 treatment exhibited a marked decrease in snoring pressure and frequency, compared to those that received the sham treatment. Furthermore, there was a notable increase in the activities of the upper airway related nerves - the phrenic nerve, the recurrent laryngeal nerve, and the hypoglossal nerve - observable in the aged rats that received the B210 treatment, demonstrating an extension in the inspiratory and expiratory times of the phrenic nerve, and a prolongation of the pre-inspiratory time of the hypoglossal nerve. These findings point to the possibility of B210's role in alleviating snoring through modulating the activities and breathing times of the nerves related to the upper airway in aged rats.

A Experimental Study published in 2017 in the journal Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity found that Angelica Sinensis polysaccharide treatment has been found to effectively alleviate anaemia of chronic disease in rats by inhibiting inflammatory pathways and mobilizing iron. The study utilized both HepG2 cells and rats suffering from Anemia of Chronic Disease (ACD) to assess the therapeutic efficacy of Polysaccharide. The cells and rats were administered the Polysaccharide, and the researchers observed its impact on two inflammatory pathways: the IL-6/STAT3 and BMP/SMAD. The Polysaccharide administration showed significant effects, inhibiting inflammatory hepcidin in both the cell sample and the rat population. Furthermore, in the rats, the introduction of the polysaccharide triggered an increase in ferroportin expression, which enabled iron to be transported from the liver and spleen, leading to increased serum iron levels. This also led to an elevation of serum EPO and a general relief from the anemia symptoms. Additionally, the treatment inhibited the NF-B p65 activation via the IB kinases-IB pathway, leading to a reduction in interleukin-6 and TNF- secretion - both of which are known to inhibit erythropoiesis. Hence, the study provides evidence for the potential use of polysaccharide as a treatment option for anemia of chronic disease.

A Systematic Review published in 2015 in the journal Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine found that TCM pattern-based treatments for depression frequently use Xiao Yao and Chai Hu Shu Gan decoctions, with Bai Shao and Chai Hu herbs common across different TCM patterns. The methodology incorporated a systematic review of randomized controlled trials from both Chinese and English literatures regarding traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) pattern-based treatments for depression. This encompassed a total of 61 studies and 2504 subjects across 27 TCM patterns. Due to varied TCM patterns among participants, the analysis focused on the four most prevalent ones: liver qi depression, liver depression and spleen deficiency, dual deficiency of the heart and spleen as well as liver depression and qi stagnation. In the discussion of results, it was found that Xiaoyao decoction was most frequently used for the treatment of liver qi depression and liver depression with spleen deficiency, whereas Chaihu Shugan decoction was typically used for liver depression and qi stagnation. Commonly used herbs regardless of the prescribed Chinese herbal formulas included Bai Shao and Chai Hu. Typically, the individual studies did not provide an underlying rationale for herb selection, limiting the conclusions one could draw regarding the efficacy of certain herbal formulas and the response of specific TCM patterns to these treatments.

A Systematic Review published in 2015 in the journal Complementary Medicine Research found that There is strong evidence for Andrographis paniculata (Chuan Xin Lian) being significantly superior to placebo in alleviating the frequency and severity of cough symptoms. Most studies showed significant improvements in active treatment group patients with cough-related symptoms. The study by Narimanian et al. showed particularly good results for mucociliary clearance. The sole exception was the trial conducted by Melchior et al.; a pilot study with relatively few patients. All studies reported small numbers of mild adverse effects, including nausea, emesis, vertigo, skin rash and diarrhea, but none required further treatment. Four trials were assessed quantitatively with regard to changes in the frequency of patients' cough symptoms. In these studies, meta-analysis showed strong evidence that A. paniculata reduced this frequency, although significant heterogeneity was found in the original study results. These 5 trials were also compared with regard to changes in the severity of patients' cough symptoms. The results showed strong evidence for the benefit of phytotherapeutics in this area, although significant heterogeneity was found here, too. These analyses show that A. paniculata is effective in reducing the frequency and severity of patients' cough symptoms.

A published in 2014 in the journal European Journal of Integrative Medicine found that Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is regularly used in treating upper respiratory tract infections, particularly for patients (more female patients in database found) with mild symptoms, using commonly preferred prescriptions, i.e Yin Qian San & Ma Xing Shi Gan Tang. In this study, data from the National Health Insurance Research Database was analyzed with particular attention to the treatments used for upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). The International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnoses codes for Taiwan in 2009, were used to identify these treatments. Techniques of data mining and association rules were deployed to examine co-prescriptions of TCM for patients with URTIs. Discussion of the results shows that out of a sample of 472,005 patients who sought treatment for URTIs, approximately 10 percent were treated with TCM and among these, over three-fifths were female. A majority - 79 percent - presented with an acute common cold. The study also noted that certain prescriptions, namely Yin-Qiao-San and Ma-Xing-Gan-Shi-Tang, were most commonly combined for patients with URTIs. The insight showed that patients were more likely to request TCM treatment if their symptoms were mild and they were women. Chinese medicine doctors treating URTIs generally adhered to TCM theory.

A Clinical Study published in 2014 in the journal Complementary Therapies in Medicine found that Traditional Chinese medical prescriptions showed a correlation with pattern diagnosis in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. In the methodology, clinical data encompassing patterns and prescriptions from the electronic medical records of patients with lupus at a medical center were gathered and processed. A specific coding system, termed the B-code, was used to encode patterns and prescriptions, offering a platform for processing and statistical analysis. Nonlinear canonical correlation analysis was then performed to investigate the connection between the patterns and prescriptions. Regarding the results, from the 261 valid patient visits collected, a total of 46 patterns and 193 prescriptions were encoded into 57 B-codes. Yin, Vacuity, Heat, and Dampness were the most frequently observed B-codes both in patterns and prescriptions. Anemarrhena, Phellodendron, and Rehmannia Pill, along with Miltiorrhizae Radix, were identified as the most frequently used formula and herb, respectively. The most effective variable sets correlating the patterns and prescriptions were Water-rheum, kidney, and stasis. This suggests a rationale for pattern differentiation and the principle of treatment for systemic lupus erythematosus.

A Systematic Review published in 2012 in the journal Sleep Medicine Reviews found that Chinese herbal medicine for insomnia had similar efficacy to Western medication and placebos, with fewer adverse events. The methodology involved conducting a systematic review of both Chinese and English literature related to randomized controlled trials. This focused on exploring the efficacy, safety, and composition of Chinese Herbal Medicine (CHM) treatment for insomnia. The selection process was stringent, requiring papers to meet a high quality standard, as measured using the Jadad score. The compositional analysis identified the most commonly used CHM formula and single herb in treating insomnia. The result of the analysis indicated that the effects of Chinese Herbal Medicine on treating insomnia were comparable to those of Western medicines and placebos. While there were adverse events linked with CHM, their frequency was found to be similar to that of placebos but lower than Western medicines. The most commonly utilised standardized formula in the trials was Gui Pi Tang, and the most frequently used single herb was Suan Zao Ren, also known as Ziziphus jujuba.

A Systematic Review published in 2012 in the journal Molecular Biology Reports found that Traditional Chinese medicines had a better effect on the normalization of alanine aminotransferase and disappearance of radiological steatosis in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. RCTs comparing either TCM formulations alone or in combination with placebo, ursodeoxycholic acid, insulin sensitizers, lipid-lowering drugs, or antioxidants were included. The category of most usually used herbs in the treatment of NAFLD was also calculated. Five thousand nine hundred and four patients from 62 RCTs were included for meta-analysis and 25,661 patients from 419 clinical studies were for TCM formulation analysis. Comparing with western medicines mentioned above, TCM had a better effect on the normalization of alanine aminotransferase and disappearance of radiological steatosis in the treatment of NAFLD. Furthermore, 246 kinds of Chinese herbs were included in our present study, with an average of 10 herbs (range 1–31) in each formulation. Hawthorn Fruit (321 times in 17,670 patients) was the most often used herb in the treatment of NAFLD. In conclusion, TCM is of modest benefit to the treatment of NAFLD.

A Experimental Study published in 2011 in the journal Journal of Ethnopharmacology found that Angelica sinensis polysaccharide (ASP) efficiently stimulates erythropoietin secretion and suppresses the liver's hepcidin expression, potentially aiding in treatments of hepcidin-induced diseases. In observing the effects of ASP, a substance derived from a plant used in traditional Chinese medicine, the researchers administered the substance daily to rats through intragastric methods for a period of 14 days. Apart from this, a group of positive control rats also received injections of recombinant human erythropoietin. The researchers then monitored the levels of erythropoietin and hepcidin in the serum at various times using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Additionally, the researchers used the Western blot method to examine the expression of six key signal proteins in the liver. The results revealed that ASP notably diminished the liver's expression of hepcidin, a factor known for negatively regulating the body's iron metabolism. This reduction was primarily facilitated through inhibiting the expression of specific liver proteins (STAT3/5 and SMAD4) and stimulating the secretion of erythropoietin. This stimulation led to further down-regulation of hepcidin, a process aided by reducing the liver's expression of other proteins (C/EBPα, SMAD4, and the phosphorylation process of STAT3/5). Hence, the research suggests ASP can effectively suppress hepcidin expression in normal rats.

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