Insights & Discussion
Si Wu Tang has improved menstrual symptoms by increasing estradiol content and antioxidative effects as a result of its herbs' synergistic relationships.
In the methodology of the study, a testosterone-treated MCF-7 cell model was employed to determine the effects of each herb in the SWT formula. Key metrics that were considered included the regulation of estradiol, antioxidative effects, and the total polyphenol and polysaccharide contents as quality markers. The study also explored the potential ability of certain elements within the formula to act as an aromatase promoter, notably catalpol and other elements.
In terms of results, certain herbs in SWT such as catalpol showed an ability to significantly increase estradiol content and boost upregulation in cell culture, indicating their role as potential aromatase promoters within the formula. Antioxidant activity was also strong in other compounds like pentagalloylglucose, gallic acid, and ferulic acid. These antioxidative effects were attributed to the presence of polyphenols in the herbs. Furthermore, the herb with the strongest antioxidant effects could possibly help ameliorate menstrual disorder patterns due to its ability to prevent ROS damage to the ovaries.
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Long-term consumption of green tea can potentially lessen the risk of depression in postmenopausal women by decreasing inflammation and boosting estradiol levels.
2023 Nutrients Long-Term Consumption of Green Tea Can Reduce the Degree of Depression in Postmenopausal Women by Increasing Estradiol Wan Z, Qin X, Tian Y, Ouyang F, Wang G, Wan Q
Cohort Study Anti-Inflammatory Depression Green Tea
In the study, researchers performed an analysis on a tea-producing village, incorporating 386 postmenopausal women in the investigation, who participated either as green tea consumers or non-drinkers (control group). The level of estradiol, inflammation markers, sleep quality, and depression symptoms were measured to uncover any correlations.
The results reflected significant disparities between the tea-drinking and control groups in terms of depression and insomnia levels, BMI, inflammation levels, and estradiol quantities. By appraising these outcomes, it was found that green tea intake could quell the likelihood of depression via its impact on sleep, inflammation, and estradiol levels. The risk of depression was consequently seen as reduced among postmenopausal women engaging in regular consumption of green tea.
Zhangyanming Tablets show potential as a protective agent for retinal function in early-stage, genetically-caused blindness in mice, possibly due to their antioxidant and anti-/pro-apoptotic properties.
2023 Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy Protective effect of ZYMT, a traditional Chinese patent medicine in a mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa Huang Z, Huang Q, Xu K, Liang L, Li Y, Zhou W, et al.
Experimental Study Dang Shen Ge Gen Goji Berry
Eighty mice with Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) were divided into two groups, with one group receiving Zhangyanming Tablets (ZYMT) and a control group getting distilled water. After a period of 7 and 14 days, the researchers conducted tests through electroretinogram, fundus photography, and histological examination to assess the retinal function and structure of the subjects. They furthered the study using TUNEL, immunofluorescence and qPCR to evaluate cell apoptosis and the expressions of particular genes.
The ZYMT-treated mice displayed a notable enhancement in retinal reactions and overall preservation of retinal structure when compared to the control group. Particularly noticeable were increases in retinal thickness and cell count, alongside a significantly lowered rate of cell death. A comprehensive follow-up shows the altered expressions of several genes in the retina following the application of ZYMT. These results, combined, suggest a key role of ZYMT in mitigating the effects of RP especially in early stages.
The research unveils luteolin, quercetin, and kaempferol in RALRG as promising complementary components for RP treatment, with a key role in managing oxidative stress and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways.
2023 Annals of Translational Medicine Mechanism and ingredients prediction of Radix Salviae-Angelicae Sinensis Radix-Lycii Fructus-Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata-Ginkgo Folium for retinitis pigmentosa therapy using network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis Wu J, Sun Z, Zhang D, Liu H, Wu J, Zhang S
Network Pharmacology Dang Gui Ginkgo Folium Goji Berry
The research used various databases such as Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform, GeneCards, and the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man database to gather the ingredients of RALRG and potential targets of RP and RALRG. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed to visualize these interactions. The R program was utilized to perform functional enrichment. The researchers constructed a visual RALRG-RP-pathway pharmacology network using Cytoscape 3.9.1 and applied molecular docking to compute binding affinity.
The research revealed a total of 132 effective active elements in RALRG correlating to 248 target genes. Ninety-two intersection target genes were discovered from the overlap of RP- and RALRG-related genes. These intersection targets were discovered to be primarily involved in oxidative stress, responding to metal ions, and handling chemical stress. Several molecular pathways such as PI3K-AKT and MAPK were identified as closely connected to RP therapy. A potential pharmacology network was designed for the RALRG-RP-pathway with AKT1 and JUN being considered the main targets. The active ingredients luteolin, quercetin, and kaempferol were highlighted as crucial for this mechanism. RALRG overall was established as a main regulator for oxidative stress and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways in the treatment of RP.
The Gui Zhi-Shao Yao herb pair in traditional Chinese medicine potentially treats chronic pain, anxiety, and depression through interactions with nine key targets.
2022 Annals of Medicine A network pharmacology approach to predict potential targets and mechanisms of “Ramulus Cinnamomi (cassiae) – Paeonia lactiflora” herb pair in the treatment of chronic pain with comorbid anxiety and depression Pan HT, Xi ZQ, Wei XQ, Wang K
Network Pharmacology Anxiety Chronic Pain Depression
The methodology in this research utilised network pharmacology to explore the active components of the "Gui Zhi-Shao Yao" herb pair and their possible targets. Initially, 15 active compounds were identified through a series of analysis which revealed about 130 potential targets. By considering the intersections between the targets of the "Gui Zhi-Shao Yao" herb pair and chronic pain, anxiety disorder, and mental depression, nine vital targets were identified and listed in order of importance.
The results discussion revealed that the "Gui Zhi-Shao Yao" herb pairing acted on the nine identified key targets to alleviate chronic pain, anxiety, and depression. Gene ontology and pathway analysis demonstrated that there were 11 primary pathways, including AGE-RAGE signalling pathway, IL-17 signalling pathway, and TNF signalling pathway. These pathways appear to be actively involved in the pathological processes, providing a holistic understanding of how the "Gui Zhi-Shao Yao" herb pair functions therapeutically.
Siwutang (including its derived formulas) appears to be superior to conventional Western medicine for pain relief and in relation to response rate.
2020 Maturitas Chinese herbal formula siwutang for treating primary dysmenorrhea: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials Li G, Liu A, Lin M, Liao S, Wen Z
Systematic Review Si Wu Tang
This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the efficacy and safety of Siwutang (SWT), a Chinese herbal formula, for treating primary dysmenorrhea. Among 523 initially identified citations, 39 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis, and 38 were used for meta-analysis. Results indicated that SWT demonstrated superiority over conventional western medicine in terms of pain relief and response rate. Notably, SWT and its derivative formulas exhibited higher response rates compared to conventional medicine, with moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 48%). SWT was particularly effective in reducing pain intensity when compared to conventional medicine (MD: -2.61, 95% CI: -3.72 to -1.51). Additionally, the safety profile of SWT appeared to be advantageous, with a lower incidence of adverse events than conventional medicine (RR: 0.17, 95% CI: 0.07−0.38). However, the quality of the included trials was generally low, with methodological limitations including inadequate reporting of randomization and blinding procedures. As a result, the level of evidence was deemed low due to the high risk of bias. The authors concluded that while SWT demonstrated promise for treating primary dysmenorrhea, further well-designed clinical trials with larger sample sizes are necessary to establish its effectiveness and safety more conclusively. Notably, the lack of standardized outcome measures and the inconsistent reporting of response rates across studies highlighted the need for the development and implementation of a core outcome set for primary dysmenorrhea research.
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