This article contains findings obtained from research on animals:
- The results from animal research studies should not be directly applied to humans and the results may not generalise to the human population.
- There may be significant differences between species in terms of physiology, physiology, and pharmacology, as well as differences in the way diseases and treatments are modelled in animals.
- Any conclusions drawn from animal research should be considered with caution and in the context of other types of research studies such as observational studies, clinical trials, and reviews of the literature.
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Consumption of apple cider vinegar significantly improves certain risk factors for cardiometabolic syndrome, notably fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, and total cholesterol.
2023 Current Medicinal Chemistry The Effects of Apple Cider Vinegar on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Clinical Trials Dadkhah Tehrani S, Keshani M, Rouhani MH, Moallem SA, Bagherniya M, Sahebkar A
Systematic Review Apple Cider Vinegar Blood Sugar Cholesterol
This study applied a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials found in PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science databases. In this process, trials evaluating the effects of apple cider vinegar consumption on cardiometabolic syndrome risk factors were sought. In total, 25 clinical trials were included in the study, these trials encompassed 1320 adult participants.
The consumed apple cider vinegar led to a general improvement in fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, and total cholesterol. However, for body mass index, insulin resistance, serum insulin, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, no significant results were observed. Conducting a subgroup analysis, the study identified a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, and triglycerides in diabetic patients. Further, it was observed that the apple cider vinegar significantly reduced fasting blood glucose levels regardless of the duration of administration and also decreased triglycerides concentration when consumed for 12 weeks or more.
Apple cider vinegar intake can significantly decrease total cholesterol and fasting plasma glucose levels contributing to better cardiovascular health among adults.
2021 BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies The effect of apple cider vinegar on lipid profiles and glycemic parameters: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials Hadi A, Pourmasoumi M, Najafgholizadeh A, Clark CCT, Esmaillzadeh A
Systematic Review Apple Cider Vinegar Cholesterol HbA1C
The research process involved a thorough examination of electronic databases such as Medline, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Knowledge, from their creation until January 2020. The goal was to discover any clinical trial that explored the influence of apple cider vinegar (ACV) on lipid profiles and glycemic indicators. Studies where ACV was combined with other interventions or where the intervention duration was less than two weeks were excluded. To manage the differences between studies, a random-effects model was applied during the meta-analysis process comprising nine studies, including ten study arms.
ACV use demonstrated a remarkable decrease in total cholesterol and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels. However, there wasn't a noticeable impact observed on LDL-C, HDL-C, fasting insulin concentrations, or HOMA-IR serum levels. When analyzed further, it was found that a reduction in serum TC and TG occurred in a patient subgroup with type 2 diabetes, those who consumed less than or equal 15 mL/day of ACV, and those who consumed it for over 8-weeks. Consequently, a significant decrease in FPG levels was found in studies where participants consumed ACV for more than 8 weeks. Interestingly, FPG and HDL-C levels appeared to increase in participants who were otherwise healthy.
Honey exhibits significant anti-Helicobacter pylori activity, with at least 10% concentration proving effective in inhibiting gastric and duodenal ulcers, highlighting its therapeutic potential.
2020 Sains Malaysiana In vitro Study of Anti-Helicobacter pylori Activity of Honey: A Systematic Review Adam Q, Annuar F, Alfizah H, Mohd Fahami NA
Systematic Review Gastritis H Pylori Honey
The research involved a comprehensive review of 53 articles from electronic databases such as Medline via Ovid Medline, Scopus, and ScienceDirect spanning from 2000 to 2018. Selection criteria focused on studies reporting honey's effects on H. pylori-induced gastric and duodenal ulcers. Nine chosen articles detailed the positive impact of honey, suggesting a minimum 10% concentration as effective against H. pylori. The review underscores the need for further exploration into honey's active components and molecular mechanisms.
The positive outcomes reported in selected studies support honey's potential in inhibiting H. pylori infections, emphasizing the need for further investigations to elucidate the active components and underlying molecular mechanisms. The review sets the stage for future research aiming to provide robust evidence for the use of honey in clinical settings.
Coconut water and milk demonstrate protective effects against ulceration, reducing inflammation, promoting cell proliferation and supporting mucosal homeostasis.
2017 Tissue and Cell Gastroprotective and mucosa homeostatic activities of coconut milk and water on experimentally induced gastropathies in male wistar rats Ajeigbe KO, Owonikoko WM, Egbe V, Iquere I, Adeleye G
Experimental Study Coconut Milk Coconut Water Stomach Ulcer
The study was conducted in two phases using 45 male wistar rats divided into 9 groups. The first phase involved treatment of five groups with different substances: normal saline, 95% ethanol, coconut water, coconut milk, and Omeprazole. Ulceration was induced with 95% ethanol except in the saline-control group. The second phase involved four groups: a control group, an ulcer control group receiving acetic acid, a group receiving coconut milk and another receiving Omeprazole. Drug treatments were administered twice daily for 3-6 days post-ulcer induction. Afterwards, blood was collected for haemocytometry and gastric tissues were harvested for histological examinations.
In this study, both coconut water and milk, as well as Omeprazole, led to reduced ulcer scores and gastric lesion indices compared to the ulcer control groups. They also resulted in significantly lower white blood cell, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts compared to the ulcer and overall control groups. Coconut milk, in particular, was associated with a significant reduction in C-reactive protein. The experimental treatments also led to reduced neutrophil infiltration and an increase in mucus cell density. Notably, the coconut milk group showed significantly higher expressions of EGFR and CD31, indicating catalysis of mucosa homeostasis through angiogenesis and mucosal cell proliferation.
Peptic ulcers may be prevented and cured by well-chewed food rich in vegetable fibers and fermented milk products, which increase protective salivary mucus and decrease damaging bile flow.
1978 Psychoneuroendocrinology New approaches to the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer based on the protective action of saliva with special reference to roughage, vegetable fibre and fermented milk products Malhotra SL
Stomach Ulcer
The research conducted a review of epidemiologic studies focusing on the variations of diet and eating patterns related to the prevalence of peptic ulcer disease across various communities. The effects of dietary patterns were assessed on saliva, gastric juice, and bile. The role of bile was specifically examined in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer, with the argument that it, rather than hydrochloric acid, played a causal role. The role of saliva in preventing peptic ulcers was emphasized, particularly the protective nature of salivary mucus which is swallowed with food.
The study then suggested the types of diets that can help prevent peptic ulcers, including those rich in roughage, cellulose, vegetable fibers, and fermented milk products such as ghee and yogurt. The research posited this kind of diet can increase the amount of salivary mucus and consequently decrease the flow rate of harmful bile. The study also noted that these insights showed minor changes in diet, and a slower pace of consumption could lead to substantial health benefits.
Moving from dietary composition to eating behaviors, it was suggested that food should be well-masticated to ensure these beneficial digestive processes have an opportunity to occur. At the same time, the research made the case that specific dietary components, particularly short-chain fatty acids like those found in milk products, can retard gall bladder contraction, thereby reducing the amount of bile entering the duodenal lumen. This secondary action further contributes to the potential prevention of peptic ulcers.
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