This article contains findings obtained from research on animals:
- The results from animal research studies should not be directly applied to humans and the results may not generalise to the human population.
- There may be significant differences between species in terms of physiology, physiology, and pharmacology, as well as differences in the way diseases and treatments are modelled in animals.
- Any conclusions drawn from animal research should be considered with caution and in the context of other types of research studies such as observational studies, clinical trials, and reviews of the literature.
Insights & Discussion
Coconut water and coconut milk ameliorate the negative impacts of heat stress on gastrointestinal health by reducing oxidative stress and suppressing inflammatory responses.
The study enlisted four different temperature exposure groups of rats, namely a control group at 30 degrees Celsius, a heat-stressed group exposed to an ambiance of 40 degrees, a heat-stressed group pre-treated with coconut water, and a heat-stressed group with coconut milk. Measurements such as skin and rectal temperatures, as well as evaluations of gastrointestinal motility factors such as intestinal transit, intestinal fluid accumulation, and colonic motility, were taken before and after a two-hour heat exposure over 14 days.
Noticeable increases in gastrointestinal motility factors were observed amongst the heat-stressed rats. However, the introduction of coconut milk and water appeared to reverse these increases. Furthermore, the elevated cortisol levels and intestinal lipid peroxidation in the heat-stressed rats were significantly reduced with the introduction of both coconut products. Likewise, results showed an increase in antioxidant enzyme activities in the rats that received either coconut water or milk, in contrast to the control group. Similarly, the coconut water and milk were seen to suppress inflammatory cytokines while enhancing others. The study also noted significant improvements in intestinal morphology among heat-stressed rats treated with either coconut product.
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Daily consumption of pecans for a month can help protect against post-meal oxidative stress in aging adults.
2023 Journal of Medicinal Food A 4-Week Pecan-Enriched Diet Improves Postprandial Lipid Peroxidation in Aging Adults Cogan B, Pearson RC, Jenkins NT, Paton CM, Cooper JA
Randomised Controlled Trial Oxidative Stress Pecan Postprandial Oxidative Stress
The abstract outlines a randomized, parallel, controlled trial where 41 healthy adults aged between 50 and 75 were split into two groups. One group consumed 68 grams of pecans every day for four weeks, while the other group avoided all nuts. Blood samples were obtained from all participants before and after the intervention during fasting and at intervals of 30, 60, and 120 minutes after a meal high in saturated fats. Changes were observed in various parameters, including malondialdehyde - a marker for lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glucose, and insulin levels.
The study revealed no significant variances in fasting or post-meal TAC, glucose, or insulin for the pecan consumers compared to the control group. However, there was a noticeable tendency towards a change in fasting lipid peroxidation driven by a minor reduction for the pecan group compared to the control group. Moreover, post-meal lipid peroxidation was suppressed in the pecan group, distinctly different from the control group's results. These outcomes propose that a diet enriched in pecans for one month can provide protection against post-meal oxidative stress in older adults.
Pomegranate and its active components can protect against natural and chemical toxic agents, impacting mechanisms such as oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and liver or cardiac function regulation.
2023 Phytomedicine Protective effects of pomegranate (Punica granatum) and its main components against natural and chemical toxic agents: A comprehensive review Hosseini A, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H
Review Article Oxidative Stress Pomegranate
This paper is a review of various in vivo and in vitro studies focusing on pomegranate (Punica granatum) and its active components, including ellagic acid and punicalagin, and their protective effects against toxic substances. The articles were sourced from multiple databases like Web of Sciences, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus spanning all available time periods until the end of September 2022.
The research indicates that pomegranate and its constituents have showcased protective effects against both natural toxins, such as aflatoxins and endotoxins, and chemical toxicants like arsenic, diazinon, and carbon tetrachloride. This protection is attributed to the preventive mechanisms activated against oxidative stress, reduction of key inflammatory mediators, modulation of apoptosis, and signaling pathways associated with cellular growth. Additionally, these components appear to aid in the improvement of liver and cardiac function through the regulation of key enzymes.
Green tea supplementation improves total antioxidant capacity and impacts oxidative stress based on dose levels in adults.
2021 Antioxidants Effect of Green Tea Supplementation on Antioxidant Status in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials Rasaei N, Asbaghi O, Samadi M, Setayesh L, Bagheri R, Gholami F, et al.
Systematic Review Oxidative Stress
The research's methodology involved a systematic search of research materials published in English language up to 21 August 2021. Recognized online databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Embase, and ISI Web of Science were utilized with the appropriate keywords. The study focused on randomized controlled trials that evaluated green tea supplementation, and its relationship with malondialdehyde and total antioxidant capacity in adults. A random-effects model quantified the difference, and the researchers carried out meta-regression and non-linear dose-response analyses to investigate the association between the quantity of green tea consumed and the duration of the intervention.
The research analysed the results obtained from sixteen randomized controlled trials, which amount to seventeen study arms comprising a total of 760 participants. The study found that green tea supplementation did have significant effects on total antioxidant capacity, and these effects were chiefly linked to gender and body mass index. However, the results showed that these effects were not significant in cases of low-dose supplementation and obese individuals. On the other hand, no relationship was found between malondialdehyde and green tea supplementation in any subgroup. Nonetheless, meta-regression analyses indicated an inverse linear connection between the change in MDA and the dosage of green tea.
Pomegranate juice extract (PPJE) appears to reduce chemotherapy-induced skin side effects by inhibiting inflammation and promoting wound repair on the skin.
2021 Antioxidants Protective Effect of Pomegranate on Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response Induced by 5-Fluorouracil in Human Keratinocytes Rapa SF, Magliocca G, Pepe G, Amodio G, Autore G, Campiglia P, et al.
Experimental Study Chemotherapy Oxidative Stress Pomegranate
In this study, the impact of pomegranate (L.) juice extract (PPJE) on skin cells treated with 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), an antineoplastic agent, was evaluated. This involved assessing the extract's ability to inhibit the release of reactive oxygen species and enhance the cellular antioxidant response of the treated skin cells. Specific attention was given to observe the overexpression of cytoprotective enzymes such as heme oxygenase-1 and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1 after the introduction of PPJE.
The results indicated that PPJE indeed blocked the formation of nitrotyrosine and reduced the release of cytokines, therefore indicating a dampened inflammatory response. Furthermore, it was revealed that the extract could inhibit the nuclear translocation of p65-NF-κB, a key regulator of inflammation. The study also pointed out that PPJE could curb apoptosis in cells treated with 5-FU, whilst fostering wound repair. The overall findings suggest that PPJE holds potential as a supplementary agent for managing oxidative and inflammatory issues associated with chemotherapy-induced skin side effects.
Cocoa consumption significantly reduces markers of oxidative stress in the adult population, affirming its important role in the human metabolic pathway.
2020 Complementary Therapies in Medicine The effect of cocoa consumption on markers of oxidative stress: A systematic review and meta-analysis of interventional studies Mehrabani S, Arab A, Mohammadi H, Amani R
Systematic Review Cocoa Oxidative Stress
This study systematically reviewed interventional studies to determine the impact of cocoa consumption on oxidative stress markers in adults. Numerous databases, including PubMed, Cochrane's library, Science Direct, Scopus, Google scholar and ISI web of science, were searched for all relevant literature up until March 2019. The Jadad scale was utilized to grade the quality of each study. Out of 1402 studies, 48 met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review and 16 were selected for meta-analysis.
The pooled data from the random-effect model provided evidence that cocoa consumption effectively lowered malondialdehyde and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α, but no significant changes were noted in other markers of oxidative stress. The results underscored cocoa's essential function in the human metabolic process by its potential to decrease oxidative stress.
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