Insights & Discussion
Coffee consumption can significantly alter the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of many drugs, leading to varied therapeutic responses.
The methodology involved a comprehensive review of research findings, clinical case reports, and expert panels from various reputable sources. These sources ranged from dedicated scientific databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Hindawi, OVID, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, to the broader database of Google Scholar, and the research-intensive Web of Science.
In terms of results, it was found that the simultaneous consumption of coffee significantly impacts the pharmacokinetics of many drugs. This can result in a heightened therapeutic response, a failure of the therapeutic response, or even toxic reactions. As a result, it's suggested that the concurrent consumption of coffee and medications that interact significantly with coffee should be avoided. It's advised that there should be an appropriate time gap between drug intake and coffee based upon the specific properties of the drug. Both pharmacists and clinicians should be aware of these potential risks of drug-coffee interaction.
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Heavy coffee consumption increases the risk of cardiovascular disease mortality in individuals with severe hypertension, while green tea consumption does not.
2023 Journal of the American Heart Association Coffee and Green Tea Consumption and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Among People With and Without Hypertension Teramoto M, Yamagishi K, Muraki I, Tamakoshi A, Iso H
Cohort Study Coffee Green Tea High Blood Pressure
With the use of the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study, researchers assessed 18,609 participants, both male and female, aged between 40 to 79 years. These participants had varying blood pressure levels, categorized into optimal and normal BP, high-normal BP, and two stages of hypertension. They completed a questionnaire about their lifestyle, diet, and medical history, and underwent health examinations, which were followed up until 2009. The association of coffee and green tea consumption on cardiovascular disease mortality was then calculated using a Cox proportional hazard model.
It was found over an 18.9 year follow-up period that heavy coffee consumption was linked to increased risk of cardiovascular disease mortality among those suffering from the second to third grade of hypertension. In stark contrast, people with optimal and normal, high-normal blood pressure and first grade hypertension did not show such associations between coffee consumption and cardiovascular disease mortality. Interestingly, the risk of cardiovascular disease mortality was not found to be increased across any blood pressure categories in relation to green tea consumption.
Consumption of tea and coffee may possibly provide anti-inflammatory effects, contributing to reduced cardiovascular risk and mortality.
2023 Pharmacological Research Coffee or tea: Anti-inflammatory properties in the context of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease prevention Surma S, Sahebkar A, Banach M
Review Article Anti-Inflammatory Cardiovascular Disease Coffee
The methodology of this narrative review examined the potential anti-inflammatory properties of consuming tea and coffee as a factor in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. This was done by analyzing a plethora of studies and meta-analyses that explored the impact of diet on inflammation, with a keen focus on the consumption of these beverages. The studies looked at a variety of risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, including inflammation biomarkers such as C-reactive protein, along with the impact of modern lipid-lowering treatments.
In discussing the results, it was noticed that inconsistent findings were produced from the analysed studies which made a conclusive determination challenging. However, a trend was observed where drinking tea and coffee seemed to raise adiponectin levels, reduce reactive oxygen species and lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Despite these potential anti-inflammatory properties of tea and coffee being somewhat uncertain due to various confounding factors, their consumption is still recommended as part of a healthy diet.
Frequent consumption of sugar-sweetened coffee can adversely affect blood sugar control in patients with diabetes mellitus in Korea.
2022 Metabolites Sugar-Sweetened Coffee Intake and Blood Glucose Management in Korean Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Yoo H, Park K
Cohort Study Blood Sugar Coffee HbA1C
This study focused on adult coffee consumption patterns in Korea using data collected from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2008 to 2020. The consuming habits of 5671 diabetic patients were analyzed considering how often they consumed a mixture of coffee with sugar and creamer, referred commonly as 3-in-1 coffee. The methods used involved assessing these patterns through a 24-hour recall. Blood sugar control was evaluated using fasting blood glucose levels and hemoglobin A1c levels, in line with the targets set by the Korean Diabetes Association.
The results revealed that nearly half of the diabetic patients in this study consumed sugar-sweetened coffee. These patients demonstrated significantly higher fasting blood glucose and hemoglobin A1c levels compared to those who did not partake in such consumption. The findings also indicated an increased likelihood of patients failing to achieve their blood sugar control targets, corresponding to the frequency of their consumption of sugar-sweetened coffee.
Higher consumption of coffee and specifically decaffeinated coffee raises the risk of rheumatoid arthritis, while caffeinated coffee, tea and caffeine intake doesn't.
2022 Frontiers in Nutrition Caffeine, Coffee, Tea and Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies Asoudeh F, Dashti F, Jayedi A, Hemmati A, Fadel A, Mohammadi H
Systematic Review Coffee Rheumatoid Arthritis
In the methodology, a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies was carried out to evaluate the association between dietary caffeine, and different types of coffee and tea consumption with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Relevant research papers were identified through a database search in PubMed/Medline, Scopus and EMBASE until July 2021. The studies considered different types of coffee, caffeinated or decaffeinated, tea or caffeine exposure with RA as the main or one of the outcomes. Out of 742 publications, five studies were selected for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Pooled relative risks were calculated through a fixed-effects model. Both linear and non-linear dose-response analyses were conducted to inspect dose-response relations.
The analysis of results revealed a significant association between the consumption of coffee, especially decaffeinated coffee and increased risk of RA, when comparing between extreme categories of consumption. For each additional cup of coffee consumed daily, there was a notable increase in the risk of RA. However, this study found no significant link between the intake of caffeinated coffee, tea or caffeine intake and the risk of RA.
Coffee extract supplementation significantly improves parameters of metabolic syndrome, with the effects varying according to the types and doses of coffee administered.
2021 Medicina Effects of Caffeinated and Decaffeinated Coffee Consumption on Metabolic Syndrome Parameters: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Data from Randomised Controlled Trials Ramli NNS, Alkhaldy AA, Mhd Jalil AM
Systematic Review Coffee Metabolic Syndrome
In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the researchers sourced relevant articles from PubMed and Scopus published between 2015 and 2020. The investigation focused on randomised controlled trials that studied the impact of coffee consumption on factors like body measurements, blood sugar indices, lipid profiles, and blood pressure. Effects of green coffee extract (GCE) supplementation and decaffeinated coffee were analysed in the study.
Following a meticulous extraction and analysis of data from the relevant studies, the researchers found significant improvements in parameters of metabolic syndrome upon supplementation with GCE and decaffeinated coffee. The GCE supplementation, ranging from 180 to 376 mg, was found to reduce waist circumference, triglyceride levels, systolic and diastolic blood pressure while increasing high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels. The intake of decaffeinated coffee reduced fasting blood glucose levels. The analysis revealed improvements in metabolic syndrome outcomes for participants consuming GCE and liquid decaffeinated coffee.
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