Insights & Discussion
Higher consumption of coffee correlates with a significant decrease in the risk of liver cancer or hepatocellular carcinoma.
In the methodology, a systematic review and meta-analysis was performed on original articles, published in English from 1996 to June 2019, that linked coffee consumption with liver cancer or hepatocellular carcinoma. Numerous databases, including PubMed/MEDLINE/EMBASE/Ovid/Google Scholar, were searched for relevant case-control, cohort or prospective studies. The Relative Risk (RR) for these conditions was calculated for coffee drinking, further stratified by the increments of one cup of coffee per day. The final analysis involved 20 studies, analysed using random effects models, with heterogeneity between studies calculated by Cochrane Q and the I2 statistics.
The results indicated that the overall Relative Risk (RR) displayed significant heterogeneity among the studies. A subgroup analysis was performed to evaluate the impact of additional coffee intake, and it was discerned that higher coffee consumption was associated with a substantial drop in the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) or liver cancer. Additionally, there was no indication of significant publication bias observed in the funnel plot.
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Coffee consumption shows a strong association with decreased risk of liver and endometrial cancer.
2020 BMC Cancer Coffee drinking and cancer risk: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of observational studies Zhao LG, Li ZY, Feng GS, Ji XW, Tan YT, Li HL, et al.
Meta-Analysis Cancer Risk Coffee Endometrial Cancer
The randomized umbrella review included a total of 28 individual meta-analyses and 36 summary associations for 26 different types of cancer. In order to collect this data, a variety of databases like PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane database were searched to find systematic reviews and meta-analyses of relationships between coffee consumption and cancer incidence. The summary effect size was estimated for each association using both the fixed and random effects model. A detailed evaluation of heterogeneity, small-study effects, and excess significance bias was also carried out.
The results showed 17 out of 28 meta-analyses to be significant. For the highest versus the lowest categories, 4 out of 26 associations showed a more stringent value. There were notable dose-response associations for five types of cancer. Majority of the studies (69%) displayed low heterogeneity. There was evidence of excessive significance bias and publication bias in three and six associations respectively. Data exhibited that coffee intake was inversely proportional to the risk of contracting liver and endometrial cancer. All this remained constant even when the analysis was restricted only to the meta-analysis of cohort studies.