This article contains findings obtained from research on animals:
- The results from animal research studies should not be directly applied to humans and the results may not generalise to the human population.
- There may be significant differences between species in terms of physiology, physiology, and pharmacology, as well as differences in the way diseases and treatments are modelled in animals.
- Any conclusions drawn from animal research should be considered with caution and in the context of other types of research studies such as observational studies, clinical trials, and reviews of the literature.
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Dark chocolate, with its high cocoa content, may possess pain-relieving properties comparable to Ibuprofen.
2023 International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial: Comparative Efficacy of Dark Chocolate, Coconut Water, and Ibuprofen in Managing Primary Dysmenorrhea Nuha K, Rusmil K, Ganiem AR, Permadi W, Diah Herawati DM
Randomised Controlled Trial Coconut Water Dark Chocolate Ibuprofen
In this research, a randomized controlled trial with a quantitative design was conducted, involving 45 participants randomly assigned to receive 330 mL of green coconut water, 35 g of 70% dark chocolate, or 400 mg Ibuprofen.
After the intervention, there was a noticeable change in the reported pain intensities. Among the women, 48.9% reported experiencing mild pain, indicating a reduction in pain intensity. Furthermore, 17.8% of the women still reported moderate pain, suggesting some improvement but not a complete alleviation of pain. It is noteworthy that none of the women reported severe pain after the intervention. Additionally, 33.3% of the women reported being pain-free, indicating a significant decrease in pain intensity.
These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the interventions in reducing pain intensity among women. The results suggest that the treatments, including Ibuprofen, coconut water, and dark chocolate, were successful in providing pain relief, with the majority of women experiencing either mild pain or no pain after the intervention.
Consumption of natural mineral water increases diuresis in both humans and animals, evident sometimes after just one intake.
2023 International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Natural Mineral Water and Diuresis: A Systematic Review Vitali M, Fontana M, De Giorgi A, Marotta D, Crucianelli S, Antonucci A, et al.
Systematic Review Diuresis Mineral Water
This systematic review, adhering to PRISMA guidelines, evaluated the diuretic effects of natural mineral water on healthy individuals. Comprehensive searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library up to November 2022, including both human and animal studies. A total of 12 studies were identified, predominantly from Italy and one from Bulgaria, covering publications from 1962 to 2019 for human studies and 1967 to 2001 for animal studies.
All included studies consistently reported an increase in diuresis following the consumption of natural mineral water, with some studies observing this effect after a single administration. However, the quality of these studies, especially the older ones, was noted to be suboptimal. The review underscores the need for newer clinical studies with improved methodological approaches and advanced statistical data processing to validate these findings more robustly.
Young coconut water has been found to be more effective than carrot juice in reducing the severity of dysmenorrhea in teenage girls.
2023 Journal of Global Research in Public Health Effectiveness of Young Coconut Water And carrots Juice Against the Scale of Dysmenorrhea on The Teenage Princess Candra Wahyuni
Cohort Study Carrot Carrot Juice Coconut
In this experimental study, research was conducted using a pre-experimental research design with a two group comparison pre-test and post-test. The research population was compiled of teenage girls from a school in the City of Kediri. The investigators selected a sample of 32 respondents using purposive sampling methods, and utilized observation sheets and pain scale measurements from the Femoralis Rectus Sheath as their primary data collection tools.
The results of the study highlighted a significant difference in the effectiveness of the two tested interventions, young coconut water and carrot juice, for the alleviation of dysmenorrhea symptoms. In this comparison, it was found that young coconut water showed higher effectiveness in reducing the pain severity in teenage girls than carrot juice.
Coconut water and coconut milk ameliorate the negative impacts of heat stress on gastrointestinal health by reducing oxidative stress and suppressing inflammatory responses.
2022 Journal of Food Biochemistry Effect of coconut water and milk on heat stress‐induced gastrointestinal tract dysmotility in rats: Role of oxidative stress and inflammatory response Ajeigbe KO, Oladokun OO, Owonikoko MW, Adegoke GA
Experimental Study Coconut Milk Coconut Water Digestive Health
The study enlisted four different temperature exposure groups of rats, namely a control group at 30 degrees Celsius, a heat-stressed group exposed to an ambiance of 40 degrees, a heat-stressed group pre-treated with coconut water, and a heat-stressed group with coconut milk. Measurements such as skin and rectal temperatures, as well as evaluations of gastrointestinal motility factors such as intestinal transit, intestinal fluid accumulation, and colonic motility, were taken before and after a two-hour heat exposure over 14 days.
Noticeable increases in gastrointestinal motility factors were observed amongst the heat-stressed rats. However, the introduction of coconut milk and water appeared to reverse these increases. Furthermore, the elevated cortisol levels and intestinal lipid peroxidation in the heat-stressed rats were significantly reduced with the introduction of both coconut products. Likewise, results showed an increase in antioxidant enzyme activities in the rats that received either coconut water or milk, in contrast to the control group. Similarly, the coconut water and milk were seen to suppress inflammatory cytokines while enhancing others. The study also noted significant improvements in intestinal morphology among heat-stressed rats treated with either coconut product.
Coconut water possesses unique compound profiles that imbue it with a broad spectrum of medical properties, incorporating aspects of nutrition, pharmacology, and disease prevention.
2022 Reference Series in Phytochemistry Health Benefits of Coconut Water Rethinam P, Krishnakumar V
Review Article Alzheimer's Disease Cardiovascular Disease Coconut Water
The study utilized comprehensive analysis to assess the chemical profile of coconut water, identifying a range of components including phytohormones, enzymes, antioxidant compounds, vitamins, minerals, and phenolic compounds. These components are known to contribute to the water's biological activity and pharmacological effects, thereby enabling a raft of medicinal properties inherent to coconut water. The water was found to feature anti-microbial, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, rejuvenating, hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic, and diuretic properties.
An examination of the therapeutic effects of coconut water revealed a significant impact on gastric dysfunction, dysentery, and child malnutrition alongside notable capabilities to manage hypertension. The water was found to promote exercise performance, reduce swelling, dissolve kidney stones, improve kidney function, improve digestion, relieve constipation, reduce the risk of heart disease, lower high blood pressure, and improve cholesterol levels. Consumption of tender coconut water was specifically found to reduce the risk of heart disease, help prevent Alzheimer’s disease pathologies and prevent osteoporosis in experimental animals. The unique nutritional profile of coconut water was also found to provide it with the capacity to balance body chemistry and fight cancer.
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