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Adding oat bran to the diet of pregnant women with gestational diabetes can help significantly reduce their fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels.
In the methodology of this study, a randomized clinical trial was conducted on 112 pregnant women suffering from gestational diabetes. These women were randomly split into two groups of 56. Both groups were given a diet specifically designed for managing gestational diabetes. However, the intervention group additionally received 30 grams of oat bran daily at lunch and dinner for a period of 4 weeks. The researchers performed tests on fasting blood glucose and two-hour postprandial glucose levels for both groups prior to the intervention and then at two-week intervals during the intervention.
The results of the study revealed that the average blood glucose level before the intervention showed no significant differences between the two groups. However, both the mean fasting blood glucose and the two-hour postprandial glucose levels of the intervention group showed a significant decrease two and four weeks after the intervention when compared with the control group, due to the addition of oat bran in their diet.
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Oat consumption can significantly improve lipid profiles, particularly reducing total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol, with potential positive effects on triglycerides and HDL cholesterol under certain conditions.
2023 Current Problems in Cardiology Effect of Oat (Avena sativa L.) Consumption on Lipid Profile With Focus on Triglycerides and High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C): An Updated Systematic Review Amerizadeh A, Ghaheh HS, Vaseghi G, Farajzadegan Z, Asgary S
Systematic Review Cholesterol HDL-C Oats
In the methodology of this review study, information was gathered from various databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The gathered data consisted of a total of 17 studies that explored the direct effects of oat consumption on lipid profiles. The focus of the studies included were the impacts of oat on levels of total cholesterol, VLDL, LDL-C, TG, and HDL-C. The review was meticulous, with a detailed examination of each study, particularly those showing positive effects of oat/beta-glucan consumption on triglycerides.
The review's results revealed that oat intake significantly reduces the levels of total cholesterol, VLDL, and LDL-C. The effect of oat ingestion on triglyceride levels was varied; of the 17 studies, 6 reported a decrease in triglycerides. Interestingly, one study showed an improvement in HDL-C levels following oat consumption. It was also observed that oat intake might effectively reduce triglycerides in healthy individuals and overweight people or those with diabetes or metabolic syndrome, especially when larger amounts of oat were consumed over a longer duration or in conjunction with a calorie-reducing diet. The use of oat together with certain dietary programs was suggested to potentially enhance its positive effects on lipid profiles.
Oats, in various edible forms, can regulate appetite hormones, aid weight management, strengthen the immune system, and contribute to gut health, making them effective for obesity management.
2023 Current Nutrition Reports Impact of Oats on Appetite Hormones and Body Weight Management: A Review Shehzad A, Rabail R, Munir S, Jan H, Fernández-Lázaro D, Aadil RM
Review Article Appetite Oats Obesity
The research methodology entailed a review of the role of hunger hormones in managing obesity and studying the influence of different edible forms of oats like whole, naked, sprouted, or supplemented oats on these hormones. The relationship between consumption of oats and various indicators of obesity such as body mass index, waist circumference, body weight, appetite, and blood pressure, amongst others was investigated. Furthermore, the nutritional content of oats like protein, fiber, healthy fats, and bioactive ingredients was analyzed, with particular emphasis on Beta-glucan as it lowers cholesterol levels and enhances the body's defense system.
The results of the studies showed that oats have several therapeutic potentials. An intake of oats helps manage body weight and control appetite. In addition, oats positively impact the immune system and lower cholesterol levels in the serum. They also foster gut health by promoting the increased production of short-chain fatty acids. Despite these findings, some studies showed no significant effects of oats on appetite.
Oat supplementation interventions can improve cardiovascular health markers among adults, regardless of their diet or metabolic conditions.
2022 European Journal of Nutrition Effect of oat supplementation interventions on cardiovascular disease risk markers: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials Llanaj E, Dejanovic GM, Valido E, Bano A, Gamba M, Kastrati L, et al.
Meta-Analysis Cardiovascular Disease Cholesterol Oats
The methodology involved analyzing various randomized clinical trials that tested how oats, or extracts rich in oat beta-glucan and avenanthramides affected markers of cardiovascular disease risk. The sample population was predominantly subjects with high cholesterol, obesity, and mild metabolic disturbances. Interventions were compared to control arms without oats.
In the discussion on results, it was found that subjects receiving the oat supplementation had improved health metrics such as total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, glucose levels, body mass index, weight, and waist circumference. However, when the oat supplementation was compared to heterogeneous interventions, like wheat, eggs, rice, etc., reductions in the levels of glycated haemoglobin, diastolic blood pressure, HDL cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B were also seen. Despite these promising results, there were some concerns around the bias risk associated with the majority of included randomized clinical trials.
Consuming oats significantly lessens total and LDL cholesterol levels and mediates a prebiotic effect on the gut microbiome, contributing to its cholesterol-lowering ability.
2021 Frontiers in Immunology The Prebiotic Effects of Oats on Blood Lipids, Gut Microbiota, and Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Mildly Hypercholesterolemic Subjects Compared With Rice: A Randomized, Controlled Trial Xu D, Feng M, Chu YF, Wang S, Shete V, Tuohy KM, et al.
Experimental Study Cholesterol Gut Microbiota Oats
In a randomized controlled study, 210 mildly hypercholesterolemic subjects from three various study centers across China were assigned to consume either 80 g of oats or rice daily for 45 days. To ascertain the effects of these diets, measurements were taken of the participants' plasma lipid profiles, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and fecal microbiota.
Following 30 and 45 days of adherence to these diets, there was a pronounced reduction in total cholesterol (TC) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) in both the oat-consuming and rice-consuming participants. This decrease was more articulated amongst the oat consumers by the 45th day. The consumption of oats led to a significant increase in the abundance of certain beneficial gut microbiota and a corresponding decrease in unclassified harmful types. These microbiota demonstrated associations with changes in plasma lipid levels and SCFAs. The comprehensive findings strongly suggest that the cholesterol-reducing effect of oats may be largely down to its prebiotic activity, which modulates the gut microbiome.
Enriching a regular diet with oat β-glucan can improve glycemic control, augment feelings of fullness, and positively modulate gut microbiota in individuals with type-2 diabetes.
2021 Journal of Functional Foods Effect of dietary supplementation with oat β-glucan for 3 months in subjects with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial Pino JL, Mujica V, Arredondo M
Randomised Controlled Trial Blood Sugar Gut Microbiota HbA1C
The research involved 37 subjects with type-2 diabetes, who were required to consume either oat β-glucan or microcrystalline cellulose as a control dietary supplement each day for a period of 12 weeks. The parameters assessed throughout the study included fasting glucose, insulin, a variety of hormones and peptides regulating appetite (like ghrelin, leptin, GLP-1, PYY), caloric intake, and the profile of their intestinal microbiota.
The results indicated a decrease in HbA1c, insulin, C-peptide levels, as well as certain bacterial populations (Lactobacillus spp, and Butyrate-producing bacteria) in subjects who consumed β-glucan. Significant differences were observed in levels of certain hormones, namely leptin, GLP-1, and PYY, between the two groups. The intake of oat β-glucan emerged as a potential strategy to manage type-2 diabetes, by improving glycemic control, enhancing feelings of satiety, and fostering a healthier gut microbiota profile.
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