Insights & Discussion
Dietary modifications, combining increased intake of anti-inflammatory foods and decreased intake of pro-inflammatory foods, effectively impede subclinical inflammation in ulcerative colitis patients in clinical remission.
The study conducted a 6-month open-label, randomized, placebo-controlled trial on adult patients with ulcerative colitis who were in clinical remission. The patients were randomly assigned to follow either an Anti-inflammatory Diet (AID) or Canada’s Food Guide (CFG). The AID was designed to raise the consumption of dietary fiber, probiotics, antioxidants, and omega-3 fatty acids, while reducing the intake of red meat, processed meat, and added sugars. Stool, urine, and serum samples were collected for fecal calprotectin and microbial analysis as well as metabolomic analysis at both the study's start and endpoint.
A total of 53 patients were randomized in the study. The evaluation of the patients’ response to the intervention showed a higher subclinical response in the AID group. Patients in the AID group were found to have a higher intake of specific nutrients and foods such as zinc, phosphorus, selenium, yogurt, and seafood compared to the control group. The AID adherence was related to significant changes in the metabolome, with a decrease in fecal acetone and xanthine levels and an increase in fecal taurine and urinary carnosine and p-hydroxybenzoic acid levels. The AID subjects also exhibited increases in specific fecal bacterial families. In conclusion, dietary modifications involving the increased intake of anti-inflammatory foods combined with a decreased intake of pro-inflammatory foods were associated with metabolic and microbial changes and were effective in preventing subclinical inflammation in these patients.
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Acupuncture and moxibustion therapies have shown effectiveness in treating ulcerative colitis according to the summarised-findings of various systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
2024 Heliyon Effects of acupuncture and moxibustion on ulcerative colitis: An overview of systematic reviews Wang D, Wang Q, Wang Y, Li T, Tian M
Systematic Review Acupuncture Moxibustion Ulcerative Colitis
Methodology: This evaluative study used an extensive and systematic methods to search data from seven different databases. The selected data were further refined by using different screening and evaluation frameworks like AMSTAR-2, PRISMA, ROBIS, and GRADE systems. These were used to determine the methodological quality, reporting quality, risk of bias, and the quality of evidence in the selected studies.
Discussion of results: After critical evaluation, the study found ten relevant reviews and analyses that showed potential for acupuncture and moxibustion therapies being effective in ulcerative colitis treatment. However, many the identified studies were reported to have several problems in their overall design and quality of outcomes. The researchers therefore stress caution when interpreting these results due to the lack of high-quality evidence in the existing studies.
Diverse acupuncture therapies, especially moxibustion, emerged as superior methods for alleviating ulcerative colitis symptoms in clinical practice.
2024 SSRN Electronic Journal Efficacy and Safety of Different Acupuncture Therapies for Patients with Ulcerative Colitis：A Systematic Review And Network Meta-Analysis Zhang X, Yang S, Jin Y, Cheng X, Lu H, Wu H, et al.
Meta-Analysis Acupuncture Moxibustion Ulcerative Colitis
Methodology: The researchers carried out a systematic review and network meta-analysis of clinical efficacy of various acupuncture therapies for ulcerative colitis patients. They accomplished this by sourcing for Clinical Randomized Controlled trial articles from databases such as PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and other data knowledge service platforms, all of which were independently reviewed by two researchers. Several quality assessments were made through Review Manager software, and the meta-analysis was conducted with Stata 16 software. Interventions examined in the analysis included acupuncture, moxibustion, acupoint catgut embedding, and combinations of these therapies with Western medicine.
Discussion of results: 52 articles encompassing 3924 patients participated in randomized control trials. The investigation revealed a range of interventions, including different acupuncture therapies and combinations of these therapies with Western medicine. Namely, moxibustion, either on its own or combined with Western medicine, consistently surfaced as top-ranked for overall effectiveness and specific outcomes. Moreover, moxibustion displayed impressive performance in reducing adverse reactions and recurrence rates. Thus, various acupuncture therapies were confirmed as safe and effective for the treatment of ulcerative colitis, with moxibustion emerging as the most effective.
A combined Mediterranean, low-FODMAP diet along with partial enteral nutrition has shown promise in reducing ulcerative colitis activity and improving patients' quality of life.
2024 Scientific Reports Effectiveness of a novel diet in attenuation of clinical activity of disease in patients with ulcerative colitis: a randomized, clinical trial Narimani B, Sadeghi A, Daryani NE, Shahrokh S, Nilghaz M, Ghods M, et al.
Randomised Controlled Trial Low FODMAP Ulcerative Colitis
In the study, fifty patients with active, mild to moderate ulcerative colitis were randomly allotted one of two diets: a combined Mediterranean, low-FODMAP diet supplemented with partial enteral nutrition, or a standard diet. These diets were implemented for a duration of 6 weeks. Before and after the intervention, various indicators of the patients' conditions were measured. These variables included a disease activity index, the patients' quality of life, and concentrations of various inflammatory and oxidative stress factors in the blood. All of these were measured using tested and trustworthy questionnaires, in conjunction with blood sampling.
The combined diet was found to result in significantly decreased disease activity index values, compared to both the control diet and the baseline data. Simultaneously, patients on the combined diet reported greater enhancements in their quality of life, compared to both the control group and the initial data. Lastly, the serum level of a protein called "high sensitive C-reactive protein," known to be a general marker of inflammation within the body, was found to be reduced in the combined diet group. However, changes in the serum total antioxidant capacity were found to be statistically insignificant across both groups.
Goji berry leaves have stronger anti-colitis effects than mulberry leaves, ameliorating tissue damage and better regulating inflammatory responses and gut microbiota.
2023 Food & Function Goji berry leaf exerts a comparable effect against colitis and microbiota dysbiosis to its fruit in dextran-sulfate-sodium-treated mice Yu C, Chen Y, Ahmadi S, Wu D, Wu J, Ding T, et al.
Experimental Study Anti-Colitis Anti-Inflammatory Colitis
The research entailed a comparative study conducted on goji berry and mulberry leaves versus their respective fruits. To determine their anti-colitis effects, the experiment was administered to C57BL/6N mice that had been induced with colitis through dextran-sulfate-sodium. Through the utilization of measures such as ELISA and western blotting analysis, researchers were able to observe how each leaf versus its corresponding fruit ameliorated colitic symptoms, tissue damage, and was able to influence the overproduction of certain pro-inflammatory cytokines.
The results showed that both the goji berry leaf and fruit significantly reduced symptoms of colitis and improved tissue damage while the mulberry leaf did not show similar improvements. The goji berry leaf exhibited the strongest performance in restraining the overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and further repairing the damaged colonic barrier. It also effectively adjusted gut microbiota equilibrium by increasing beneficial bacteria and decreasing harmful ones. The berries and leaves similarly restored certain dietary fibers to alleviate inflammation, but the mulberry leaf did not achieve this for butyrate. This is the first report to provide a comprehensive contrast of anti-colitis effects between the leaves and fruits of goji and mulberry.
Long-term consumption of green tea can potentially lessen the risk of depression in postmenopausal women by decreasing inflammation and boosting estradiol levels.
2023 Nutrients Long-Term Consumption of Green Tea Can Reduce the Degree of Depression in Postmenopausal Women by Increasing Estradiol Wan Z, Qin X, Tian Y, Ouyang F, Wang G, Wan Q
Cohort Study Anti-Inflammatory Depression Green Tea
In the study, researchers performed an analysis on a tea-producing village, incorporating 386 postmenopausal women in the investigation, who participated either as green tea consumers or non-drinkers (control group). The level of estradiol, inflammation markers, sleep quality, and depression symptoms were measured to uncover any correlations.
The results reflected significant disparities between the tea-drinking and control groups in terms of depression and insomnia levels, BMI, inflammation levels, and estradiol quantities. By appraising these outcomes, it was found that green tea intake could quell the likelihood of depression via its impact on sleep, inflammation, and estradiol levels. The risk of depression was consequently seen as reduced among postmenopausal women engaging in regular consumption of green tea.
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