Morinda citrifolia root extracts display significant antibacterial activity against various bacteria, with the highest impact against Campylobacter spp.

2024 PLOS One In vitro antibacterial activity of Morinda citrifolia extracts against eight pathogenic bacteria species Obeng-Boateng F, Kpordze SW, Addy F

Antibacterial Campylobacter Noni

The study investigates the antibacterial properties of various forms of Morinda citrifolia (root, leaf, and fruit- fresh, dried, and fermented). These were extracted through distilled water and varied concentrations of ethanol(60%, 80%, 100%). The antibacterial assessments were conducted using the agar well diffusion method, utilizing Ciprofloxacin as a positive control. While all forms of the plant showed some degree of antibacterial performance, the root extracts were found to have the most significant influence.

The analysis of the results reveals a variance in antibacterial activity amongst the different extracts and the concentration of the solvents used. Among the solvents, the 100% ethanol extracts showed the most significant zones of inhibition. Certain bacteria, such as Enterococcus faecium, Campylobacter spp., and Bacillus cereus, were found to be more sensitive to the plant extracts. In contrast, Shigella spp. and Klebsiella spp. demonstrated resistance to most of the extracts. The study concludes a promising potential for antibacterial applications of M. citrifolia extracts.

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Noni fruit and its compounds demonstrate significant potential in cancer therapy by inducing apoptosis, arresting cell cycle, inhibiting angiogenesis, and modulating immune system.

2024 Phytotherapy Research Anticancer and chemopreventive potential of Morinda citrifolia L. bioactive compounds: A comprehensive update Kitic D, Miladinovic B, Randjelovic M, Szopa A, Seidel V, Prasher P, et al.

Systematic Review Anticancer Noni

In this study, a systematic review was put forth to scrutinize the therapeutic effectiveness of Morinda citrifolia L., commonly known as Noni, specifically looking into its effects on various forms of cancer. The review employed an extensive search of various scientific databases to gather relevant literature. This included both in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as clinical trials, specifically focusing on the outcomes of Noni fruit and its phytoconstituents - anthraquinones, flavonoids, sugar derivatives, and neolignans - on cancer. A carefully structured keyword and criteria search ensured a robust collection and analysis of data.

The plethora of studies compiled point out to Noni's complex role in cancer therapy, underlining its various bioactive elements and their methods of activity. Significant anticancer and chemopreventive potential of Noni was observed, establishing it as potentially a safe and effective option in cancer prevention and treatment.

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Pomegranate extract could potentially benefit women's reproductive health, enhance fertility, regulate menstrual cycles, support pregnancy, and help treat polycystic ovary syndrome.

2024 Life Therapeutic Potential of Pomegranate Extract for Women’s Reproductive Health and Breast Cancer Jang JY, Kim D, Im E, Kim ND

Breast Cancer PCOS Pomegranate

In establishing the potential benefits of pomegranate extract in women's reproductive health, a wide array of methods was employed. Primarily, these included in vitro studies, animal modeling and certain clinical trials. Analyses of the antioxidant properties of the extract were done to ascertain its effectiveness in reducing oxidative stress and consequently, improving fertility. The influence of pomegranate extract on hormonal imbalances and menstrual regulation was also studied.

Discussions on the results emphasized the potential of pomegranate extract in supporting women's reproductive health. The extract was found beneficial in enhancing fertility, regulating menstruation and supporting pregnancy. Further, it could help in polycystic ovary syndrome therapy by improving insulin sensitivity and reducing oxidative damage. Its rich nutrient composition was appreciated for potentially fostering placental development and fetal growth, thus possibly mitigating the risk of early birth. Apart from reproductive health, some studies pointed towards pomegranate extract's potential anticancer properties, primarily against breast cancer.

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The compounds apocarotenoids and carotenoids found in saffron extract could potentially interact with multiple targets, helping to manage the symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome.

2023 Medicine Network pharmacology-based strategic prediction and target identification of apocarotenoids and carotenoids from standardized Kashmir saffron (Crocus sativus L.) extract against polycystic ovary syndrome Tiwari A, Modi SJ, Girme A, Hingorani L

Network Pharmacology PCOS Saffron

The study utilized a network pharmacology-based approach to identify the possible therapeutic pathways for apocarotenoids and carotenoids in Crocus sativus on polycystic ovary syndrome. The Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Photodiode Array detector (UHPLC-PDA) standardized stigma-based Crocus sativus extract (CSE) was analyzed for these phytochemicals.

Information about polycystic ovary syndrome related genes was collected from a knowledge database and networks were established between these targets and Crocus sativus extract phytochemicals to understand its mechanism of action.

Through network analysis and screening conditions, the study found four significant targets, including serine/threonine kinase 1, signal transducer and activator of transcription, and two types of mitogen-activated protein kinases. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of genes and genomes analysis showed that MAP kinase and serine-threonine pathways were crucial targets in polycystic ovary syndrome.

Further molecular docking studies were conducted, and carotenoids apocarotenoids were assessed for absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity predictions. Elements like crocetin, picrocrocin, and safranal showed strong binding affinity for the identified targets. This analysis also revealed that these compounds had excellent bioavailability and could cross the blood-brain barrier without demonstrating toxicity.

In summary, the study demonstrated that these phytochemicals could act on the identified targets, thus pointing towards the potentiality of Crocus sativus extract in managing polycystic ovary syndrome.

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Noni fruit juice enhances immune system function, primarily by boosting natural killer cell activity and increasing interferon-gamma production, which promotes phagocytosis.

2023 Journal of Biosciences and Medicines The Influence of Noni Fruit Juice on Immune System Function West BJ, Uwaya A, Isami F, Tomida N, Swartz F, Deng S, et al.

Review Article Antioxidant Immunity Noni

The research was conducted using several human, animal, and in vitro studies to gain insight into the immunomodulatory effects of noni fruit juice. They observed the impact on natural killer cell activity and monitored interferon-gamma production to assess improvements in immune function. Further investigation was carried out to identify how noni influences this process, with a focus on kinase 1/2, protein kinase B, and nuclear factor-kappa-beta signaling. In addition, they carried out trials to evaluate the antioxidant properties of noni juice.

The studies showed that noni juice significantly enhances the immune system's function. This was evidenced by an increase in natural killer cell activity, which likely contributes to improved health outcomes and survival times as seen in previous case reports. Furthermore, they saw an increase in interferon-gamma production, known to boost natural killer cell activity and phagocytosis. They also discovered that noni promotes regulatory cytokine expression, which supports immune response. Additionally, noni juice demonstrated considerable antioxidant properties, implying a positive effect on oxidative status, a key player in immune function.

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