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Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides effectively reduce inflammation in ulcerative colitis, promoting healing by restoring intestinal and mucus barrier functions.
In this study, two models were utilized to investigate the impacts of Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides on ulcerative colitis: a dextran sodium sulfate-induced mice model and a lipopolysaccharide-stimulated model using Caco-2 cells. First, the dextran sodium sulfate-induced mice ulcerative colitis model was administered with the Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides. Effects were observed across several indicators such as body weight, colon length, and thickness, as well as intestinal permeability.
Following that, histopathological analysis and electron microscope examinations helped delve deeper into the relationship, uncovering a reduction in inflammatory cell infiltration and a restoration of the intestinal epithelial barrier integrity. The lipopolysaccharide-stimulated Caco-2 cells model was used to further understand the role of these polysaccharides in reducing expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increasing expressions related to intestinal barrier and mucus barrier.
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A polysaccharide from Tremella aurantialba improves ulcerative colitis symptoms by targeting epithelial cell ferroptosis and modulating the gut microbiota.
2024 International Journal of Biological Macromolecules Tremella aurantialba polysaccharides alleviate ulcerative colitis in mice by improving intestinal barrier via modulating gut microbiota and inhibiting ferroptosis Peng G, Wang S, Zhang H, Xie F, Jiao L, Yuan Y, et al.
Animal Study Gut Microbiota Intestinal Barrier Ulcerative Colitis
The methodology used in this research involved isolating TA 2-1, a specific polysaccharide from Tremella Aurantialba, and studying its effects on ulcerative colitis. This was done by introducing it to Caco-2 cells that were undergoing ferroptosis and assessing its impact on cell viability. The influence of TA 2-1 was also examined in mice with artificially induced ulcerative colitis, verifying its ameliorating effects in an in-vivo context. The structure of TA 2-1 and its components were analysed and the polysaccharide's interaction with gut microbiota was explored to understand how it might modulate symptoms or prevent cell death.
The results of this study showed that TA 2-1 does not only decrease the rate of cell death in epithelial cells undergoing ferroptosis, but it also repairs the intestinal barrier by upregulating specific proteins such as claudin-1 and zonula occludens-1. TA 2-1 was also found to suppress lipid peroxidation, thus inhibiting ferroptosis. Further investigation revealed that TA 2-1 may alleviate ulcerative colitis by influencing the composition or metabolites of gut microbiota. This research offers promising insight into the potential of TA 2-1 in treating ulcerative colitis.
Polysaccharides from natural food sources like fungi and plants can significantly enhance intestinal health and prevent ulcerative colitis (UC) through various physiological activities.
2022 Journal of Functional Foods The latest progress of natural food polysaccharides preventing ulcerative colitis by regulating intestinal microbiota Pan X, Yin M, Guo M, Niu X, Han L
Review Article Polysaccharides Ulcerative Colitis
The study primarily focused on the role of natural food polysaccharides in promoting intestinal health. Derived from sources like edible fungi and plants, these substances exhibit remarkable potential in preventing UC, a common inflammatory bowel disease. The researchers have investigated their action mechanism which mainly involved promoting beneficial bacteria, reducing harmful bacteria, increasing Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFA) content, and exerting prebiotic effects. The polysaccharides' ability to prevent UC by blocking certain cellular pathways, regulating tight junctions, repairing the intestinal barrier function, inhibiting oxidative stress, and mitigating oxidative damage to the colon tissue was also explored. The structure of these polysacaccharides and their relationship to the prevention of UC were however not covered fully in the study.
The obtained results deliver a profound understanding of the preventive effects of natural food polysaccharides on UC. Their capacity to promote beneficial bacteria while reducing the harmful species has been emphasized. They were also found to increase the content of SCFAs and act as prebiotics. Additionally, their role in blocking certain signaling pathways and thus preventing oxidative stress and damage further presents them as effective defense agents against UC. The observations related to the relationship between the structure of these polysaccharides and the prevention of UC were less conclusive. This study, however, did note a lacking of clear connection between the molecular weight of polysaccharides and their preventive effects, leaving room for future extensive study in this area.
Oral administration of Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides may constitute a new, effective therapy for Atopic dermatitis, improving both immune response and intestinal microbiota.
2022 Frontiers in Pharmacology Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides alleviate induced atopic dermatitis in mice by regulating immune response and gut microbiota Xie L, Yang K, Liang Y, Zhu Z, Yuan Z, Du Z
Experimental Study Eczema Gut Microbiota Polysaccharides
In the methodology of this study, the therapeutic effects of Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides (these have multiple biological activities), on Atopic dermatitis, were examined through both topical application and oral administration on mice induced with Atopic dermatitis-like disorder. The changes across transdermal water loss, epidermal thickening, and ear edema in the affected mice were observed. Notably, the study also considered the polysaccharides' impacts on the proportion of specific regulatory T cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes of the mice.
The results showed that both therapeutic methods positively impacted the conditions of the affected mice, with oral administration offering superior efficacy over topical application. The oral administration of the polysaccharides led to an increase of specific regulatory T cells, evidence of immune regulation. Further, non-targeted metabolomics and sequencing of certain DNA amplicons pointed towards observable modulation in fecal metabolites and a changed composition of gut microbiota in the mice following the oral treatment.
Tremella polysaccharide is a safe natural active ingredient, which can be used in the prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of diseases.
2021 International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology A review on the production, structure, bioactivities and applications of Tremella polysaccharides Ma, X., Yang, M., He, Y., et al.
Systematic Review Polysaccharides
Tremella polysaccharide is a full-functioning active substance, and any of its activities are not independent, but complementary to other activities. For example, Tremella polysaccharides can participate in various physiological activities such as type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, inflammation and aging by regulating the expression of SIRT1 protein, which is in line with the guidelines of eastern medicine to maintain the dynamic balance of the human body through conditioning. Tremella polysaccharides are non-toxic and harmless natural ingredients that can be used for long-term contact with the human body by smearing or oral administration. It means that Tremella polysaccharides are suitable for the daily health needs of sub-healthy people and can be widely used in food, medicine and daily chemical products.
These results indicate that a certain concentration of snow fungus polysaccharides can effectively alleviate skin damage caused by UVA, and they may be used as an effective component of cosmetics.
2021 Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides inhibit UVA-induced photodamage of human dermal fibroblast cells by activating up-regulating Nrf2/Keap1 pathways Fu H, You S, Zhao D, An Q, Zhang J, Wang C, et al.
Systematic Review Polysaccharides
Tremella fuciformis polysaccharides (TFPS) pretreatment can reduce the oxidative stress of UVA-treated human dermal fibroblasts cells. After TFPS pretreatment, the content of ROS and MDA in the cell decreased significantly and the total antioxidant activity was increased. Among them, the active of CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px in the cells increased significantly. TFPS can also protect fibroblasts by up-regulating Nrf2 and down-regulating Keap1 expression. Finally, it was also found that TFPS pretreatment increased the content of collagen I, elastin, and hyaluronic acid (HA) in skin fibroblasts treated with UVA.
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