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Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide, a major bioactive component in the edible medicinal mushroom, exhibits substantial health benefits, including enhancing the immune system, combatting tumors, and delaying aging.
2019 Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science Tremella polysaccharide: The molecular mechanisms of its drug action Yang D, Liu Y, Zhang L.
Network Pharmacology
The study analyzed various fractions of Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide (TFPS) which is extracted from the "Yiner" mushroom under different conditions leading to variations in molecular weight. The TFPS comprises various monosaccharides including mannose, xylose, fucose, glucuronic acid, glucose, and galactose. One of the characterized structures consists of a linear mannose backbone with branched off chains of xylose, fucose and glucuronic acid. Biochemical, pharmacological, and clinical studies involving TFPS spanning 46 years (1972-2018) were drawn from the likes of PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang database and comprehensively reviewed.
Over one hundred independent studies pointed to the multiple physiological and health-promoting effects of TFPS. These include benefits such as immunomodulation, antitumor, anti-oxidation, anti-aging, hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic effects. An example of its practical application is its usage in enteric-coated capsules, approved by the Chinese Food and Drug Administration in 2002, to treat cancer patients suffering from leukopenia induced by chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This component is also used as a supplementary drug for the treatment of chronic persistent hepatitis and chronic active hepatitis, showing the versatility and progressive impact of TFPS.
Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide alleviated hydrogen peroxide‑induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in skin fibroblasts via upregulation of SIRT1 expression, indicating that TFPS may act as a potential therapeutic agent for oxidative‑stress‑associated skin diseases and aging.
2017 Molecular Medicine Reports Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide suppresses hydrogen peroxide-triggered injury of human skin fibroblasts via upregulation of SIRT1 Shen T, Duan C, Chen B, Li M, Ruan Y, Xu D, et al.
Systematic Review
We demonstrated that pretreatment with TFPS suppressed H2O2-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in skin fibroblasts in a concentration-dependent manner and possessed excellent antioxidative properties. Therefore, our present findings may provide a theoretical basis for TFPS as an alternative herbal food supplement and potential pharmacotherapy for skin injury and aging.
However, given that TFPS contains several polysaccharides and has a variety of pharmacological effects, our study, which focused on oxidative stress inhibition and anti-apoptotic effects, has limitations. Further studies are required to define the potential protective mechanisms of TFPS in H2O2-induced skin injury.
In summary, we revealed that TFPS exhibits protective properties against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis mainly by upregulating SIRT1 and promoting downstream signaling, suggesting that TFPS is a potential therapeutic agent for oxidative stress-related skin diseases and skin aging.
Purified polysaccharides extracted from Tremella aurantialba mycelium have improved antioxidant properties and stimulate immune response in macrophage cells.
2016 Molecular Medicine Reports Antioxidant and immunostimulatory activities of polysaccharides extracted from Tremella aurantialba mycelia Deng C, Sun Y, Fu H, Zhang S, Chen J, Xu X.
Network Pharmacology
The study researched the physiochemical and biological properties of crude and purified mycelium polysaccharides from Tremella aurantialba mycelium. A series of physiochemical properties were examined including total sugar, uronic acid and protein content, monosaccharide type and structure, as well as molecular weight. The antioxidant activity of these polysaccharides was studied via their reducing power and scavenging activity of different radicals. Additionally, the study evaluated the potential immunostimulatory activity of these polysaccharides by examining their effects on the proliferation, nitric oxide production and cytokine secretion of a certain type of cell.
In the results, it was found that the purified mycelium polysaccharide consisted mainly of three types of sugars and its molecular weight was determined. Comparing the total carbohydrate content, it was discovered that the purified mycelium polysaccharide has significantly higher carbohydrate content compared to its crude counterpart. From the analysis of antioxidant and immunostimulatory activities, the purified polysaccharide showed improved antioxidant properties and the ability to induce macrophage proliferation, nitric oxide production and secretion of several chemicals involved in immune response. This indicates a possible correlation between the total carbohydrate content and the enhanced antioxidant and immunostimulatory activities.