Insights & Discussion
Ganpu tea, derived from Pu-erh tea and the pericarp of Chachi, enhances antioxidant capacities and modulates gut microbiota beneficially more than Pu-erh tea alone.
A thorough chemical analysis was conducted on hot-water extracts of Ganpu tea using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry, which identified a total of 92 constituents. Considering the antioxidant properties of Ganpu tea, an experiment was designed and carried out where rats were fed with Ganpu tea over a long period. The same experiment was done using Pu-erh tea and the pericarp of Chachi separately, allowing for comparisons of antioxidant capacities between them and Ganpu tea.
The results showed that Ganpu tea had a substantial impact on improving the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, both essential antioxidants, more than Pu-erh tea. This indicated a superior antioxidant capacity of Ganpu tea. Further, it significantly increased the abundance of specific gut bacteria, offering a suggestion of the potential benefits of Ganpu tea in human gut microbiota modulation. The results underscore the health benefits of Ganpu tea in enhancing antioxidant activities and promoting beneficial gut microbiota.
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Pu-erh tea possesses therapeutic mechanisms potentially beneficial for metabolic diseases due to its interaction with liver and gut microbiome.
2022 Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences Pu-erh tea: A review of a healthful brew Jia W, Rajani C, Lv A, Fan TP, Zheng X
Review Article Gut Microbiota Metabolic Syndrome Pu-Erh Tea
The methodology of this research involved reviewing and summarising the processing elements and bioactive components of pu-erh tea. Extensive study of relative human and animal trials was conducted, and the potential therapeutic mechanisms of this tea were examined and extrapolated.
In discussing the results, it was discovered that pu-erh tea evidently has beneficial effects on metabolic diseases, such as hypocholesterolemic and hypolipidemic effects. The research points to the conclusion that the tea's interaction with the liver and gut microbiome is the major contributing factor to these health benefits. It helps regulate tea biotransformation and endogenous metabolism, underlining the tea's potential use in therapeutic interventions.
Pu-erh tea, through the increase of Cinnabarinic acid, can improve obesity induced by circadian rhythm disorders by enhancing fat metabolism and altering gut microbes.
2022 Food Chemistry Pu-erh tea increases the metabolite Cinnabarinic acid to improve circadian rhythm disorder-induced obesity Hu S, Hu C, Luo L, Zhang H, Zhao S, Liu Z, et al.
Experimental Study Cinnabarinic Acid Circadian Rhythm Gut Microbiota
In this study, a CRD-induced obesity model in mice was developed and Pu-erh tea was used as an intervention. The effect of Pu-erh tea on obesity was observed and determined to come from its production of Cinnabarinic acid (CA). CA was found to promote adipose tissue lipolysis and heat generation response, increasing the sensitivity of fat cells to hormones and neurotransmitters. This was accomplished by targeting the expression of specific receptor proteins in adipose tissue. These processes improved mitochondrial activity in the fat cells and expedited metabolic processes in the adipose tissue, thereby speeding up glucose and fat metabolism.
In the final stage of the study, CA was found to make changes in the gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids which further helped to improve the lipid accumulation mediated by CRD. The researchers concluded that the increase in CA, caused by drinking Pu-erh tea and reaching the fat tissue through blood circulation, could be a crucial mechanism to reduce obesity induced by circadian rhythm disorders.
Pu-erh tea and its ingredient theabrownin improve liver, jejunum, and adipose tissue functions in metabolic syndrome mice, modulating circadian rhythm, glycerophospholipid, and linoleic acid metabolism.
2022 Food Research International Pu-erh tea and theabrownin ameliorate metabolic syndrome in mice via potential microbiota-gut-liver-brain interactions Hou Y, Zhang Z, Cui Y, Peng C, Fan Y, Tan C, et al.
Animal Study Circadian Rhythm Gut Microbiota Metabolic Syndrome
In this study, varied technological applications such as metagenomics, transcriptomics, and metabolomics were utilized to explore the anti-metabolic syndrome mechanism of Pu-erh tea and theabrownin in mice with metabolic syndrome. These scientific technologies allowed the researchers to understand and explore improvements in the physiological functions of liver, jejunum, and adipose tissues in the metabolic syndrome mice as a result of Pu-erh tea and theabrownin interventions. The investigation also focused on changes to the hepatic transcriptome, revealing that both of these interventions had the capacity to regulate the circadian rhythm pathway.
The results showcased that both interventions succeeded in the modulation of glycerophospholipid and linoleic acid metabolism, this was established through a comprehensive analysis of serum and brain metabolome. Further analysis of faecal metagenome demonstrated an increase in the relative abundance of certain bacterium and a decrease in others due to both interventions. However, in comparison to Pu-erh tea, theabrownin exhibited a more pronounced influence as regards upregulating hepatic antioxidants and downregulating hepatic inflammatory factors, although there was only a slight reduction in obesity-linked short-chain fatty acids in faeces of the metabolic syndrome mice. Overall, the experiment provided essential insights into the various ways these two elements function and provide treatment for metabolic syndrome.
Tea polyphenols can help rebalance gut microbiota, alleviating imbalances caused by obesity, diabetes, and UV damage, with effects varying by tea type.
2021 Gastroenterology Insights Effects of Polyphenols in Tea (Camellia sinensis sp.) on the Modulation of Gut Microbiota in Human Trials and Animal Studies Khairudin MAS, Mhd Jalil AM, Hussin N
Review Article Gut Microbiota Pu-Erh Tea Tea
The methodology of this review involved the process of collecting and analyzing various studies dealing with the effects of tea polyphenols on gut microbiota in both humans and animals. This included studies observing the overall gut health in relation to conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and UV damage. The comparative approach was used to differentiate the effects of different types of tea on distinct bacterial taxa present in the gut.
In discussing the results, it was found that tea polyphenols consistently improved and diversified gut microbiota in animal tests. In contrast, while human trials also showed improved gut health seemingly due to a prebiotic-like effect of tea polyphenols, the evidence was not as conclusive. However, the outcomes did show that different types of teas had differing effects on the bacterial taxa present in the gut.
Pu-erh tea, with its complex components, interacts greatly with gut microbiomes and holds significant potential for healthcare applications.
2021 Food Chemistry Effects of bioactive components of Pu-erh tea on gut microbiomes and health: A review Liu JY, He D, Xing YF, Zeng W, Ren K, Zhang C, et al.
Review Article Gut Microbiota Pu-Erh Tea
Pu-erh tea undergoes a post-fermentation process involving various microorganisms, leading to highly complex components. This tea has its potential benefit due to its rich interactions with the gut microbiomes; the structure and the homeostasis of which are deeply connected to human wellness and progress of various diseases. This study provides a systemic review of the current findings pertaining to the bioactive components of Pu-erh tea and their interactions with gut microbiomes.
For the discussion of results, the beneficial effects of Pu-erh tea on gut microbiomes may establish its role in healthcare. These benefits are due to the tea's bioactive components' impacts on the structure of the gut microbiomes, and subsequent health improvements. Additionally, the establishment of "components-function-indicators" clues can propel the standardisation of the tea's fermentation process and development of functional tea-related products.
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