Short-Chain Fatty Acids

Presentation Slides

Chinese Medicine Research Hub

Review Article

Berry fruits such as blueberries, cranberries, raspberries, and strawberries could potentially improve gut microbiota and reverse dysbiosis in chronic kidney disease patients.

2023 Nutrition Reviews Blueberry, cranberry, raspberry, and strawberry as modulators of the gut microbiota: target for treatment of gut dysbiosis in chronic kidney disease? From current evidence to future possibilities
Coutinho-Wolino KS, Melo MFS, Mota JC, Mafra D, Guimarães JT, Stockler-Pinto MB

Chinese Medicine Research Hub

Experimental Study

The Chaihu Shugan Formula, a traditional Chinese medicine, not only effectively modulates intestinal gut microbiota but also strengthens gut barrier integrity and contains powerful anti-inflammatory properties.

2022 Frontiers in Pharmacology The Modulation of Chaihu Shugan Formula on Microbiota Composition in the Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem Technology Platform and its Influence on Gut Barrier and Intestinal Immunity in Caco-2/THP1-Blue™ Cell Co-Culture Model
Liu L, Lu Y, Xu C, Chen H, Wang X, Wang Y, Cai B, Li B, Verstrepen L, Ghyselinck J, Marzorati M, Yao Q

Chinese Medicine Research Hub

Experimental Study

Consuming oats significantly lessens total and LDL cholesterol levels and mediates a prebiotic effect on the gut microbiome, contributing to its cholesterol-lowering ability.

2021 Frontiers in Immunology The Prebiotic Effects of Oats on Blood Lipids, Gut Microbiota, and Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Mildly Hypercholesterolemic Subjects Compared With Rice: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
Xu D, Feng M, Chu YF, Wang S, Shete V, Tuohy KM, Liu F, Zhou X, Kamil A, Pan D, Liu H, Yang X, Yang C, Zhu B, Lv N, Xiong Q, Wang X, Sun J, Sun G, Yang Y

Chinese Medicine Research Hub

Review Article

Baicalin, a Scutellaria baicalensis extract, has been found to have numerous therapeutic applications in liver and gut diseases by mediating apoptosis and immune response pathways.

2021 Pharmacological Research Baicalin and the liver-gut system: Pharmacological bases explaining its therapeutic effects
Hu Q, Zhang W, Wu Z, Tian X, Xiang J, Li L, Li Z, Peng X, Wei S, Ma X, Zhao Y

Chinese Medicine Research Hub

Experimental Study

Unpasteurised milk and dairy products intake could potentially alter gut microbiome composition which may influence psychological functioning.

2020 Nutrients Recipe for a Healthy Gut: Intake of Unpasteurised Milk Is Associated with Increased Lactobacillus Abundance in the Human Gut Microbiome
Butler MI, Bastiaanssen TFS, Long-Smith C, Berding K, Morkl S, Cusack AM, Strain C, Busca K, Porteous-Allen P, Claesson MJ, Stanton C, Cryan JF, Allen D, Dinan TG

Executive Summary

Write an executive summary in the form of a blog article on the topic of "Research into Chinese medicine treatment for Short-Chain Fatty Acids" summarising the research below and using language that can be easily understood by patients and avoiding medical jargon using a professional and caring tone of voice.

Write an executive summary in the form of a blog article on the topic of "Researched Chinese medicine treatments for Short-Chain Fatty Acids" summarising the research below in an objective and easy to understand way, and using language that can be easily understood by patients. Group the article into Chinese medicine treatments first, followed by nutrition and other treatments. Avoid using medical jargon and use a professional and caring tone of voice.

Write me a concise but easy to understand executive summary on the topic of "Chinese medicine treatments for Short-Chain Fatty Acids" based on the following research that I will give you. Your summary should be 2 paragraphs long in Australian English spelling and include references to the studies.

A Review Article published in 2023 in the journal Nutrition Reviews found that Berry fruits such as blueberries, cranberries, raspberries, and strawberries could potentially improve gut microbiota and reverse dysbiosis in chronic kidney disease patients. Methodology: This research explores the therapeutic potential of berry fruits, including blueberries, cranberries, raspberries, and strawberries, in relation to modulating gut microbiota in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. The fruit’s rich polyphenol and nutrient content are assumed to promote the selective growth of beneficial bacteria, thus improving the clinical status of these patients. The study scrutinizes the impact on the abundance of mucus-producing bacteria and short-chain fatty acids specifically. Discussion of Results: The gathered evidence illustrates that berry fruits, particularly with a daily intake of 5 mg, can promote diversity in the gut microbiota and possibly reverse dysbiosis, a common issue in chronic kidney disease patients. These fruits are found to increase the expression of mRNA involved in gut tight junctions such as occludin, TJP1, and mucin, and they may reduce uremic toxins by controlling the gut microbiota, improving the uremic condition. As such, long-term use of berry fruits could be an effective strategy for CKD patients.

A Experimental Study published in 2022 in the journal Frontiers in Pharmacology found that The Chaihu Shugan Formula, a traditional Chinese medicine, not only effectively modulates intestinal gut microbiota but also strengthens gut barrier integrity and contains powerful anti-inflammatory properties. The study began by analysing the impact of the Chaihu Shugan Formula (CSF) on the simulated colonic microbiota of five healthy donors, while concurrently examining gut barrier integrity, and intestinal immunity. This was achieved by marrying the use of the simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem technology platform with the co-culture of intestinal and immune cells. The examination revealed an increase in the production of certain healthy short-chain fatty acids, a boost in health-promoting Bifidobacterium species, and a decrease in certain pathogenic branching short-chain fatty acids. The proceeding phase of the study investigated the influence of colonic fermentation of CSF on gut barrier and intestinal immunity utilizing the Caco-2/THP1-blue™ cell co-culture model. The research demonstrated that CSF induces protective effects on inflammation-induced intestinal epithelial barrier disruption. Concurrently, the study benignly revealed the treatment of CSF unfailingly unveiling pronounced anti-inflammatory properties induced by the stimulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-10 and the reduction of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α.

A Experimental Study published in 2021 in the journal Frontiers in Immunology found that Consuming oats significantly lessens total and LDL cholesterol levels and mediates a prebiotic effect on the gut microbiome, contributing to its cholesterol-lowering ability. In a randomized controlled study, 210 mildly hypercholesterolemic subjects from three various study centers across China were assigned to consume either 80 g of oats or rice daily for 45 days. To ascertain the effects of these diets, measurements were taken of the participants' plasma lipid profiles, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and fecal microbiota. Following 30 and 45 days of adherence to these diets, there was a pronounced reduction in total cholesterol (TC) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) in both the oat-consuming and rice-consuming participants. This decrease was more articulated amongst the oat consumers by the 45th day. The consumption of oats led to a significant increase in the abundance of certain beneficial gut microbiota and a corresponding decrease in unclassified harmful types. These microbiota demonstrated associations with changes in plasma lipid levels and SCFAs. The comprehensive findings strongly suggest that the cholesterol-reducing effect of oats may be largely down to its prebiotic activity, which modulates the gut microbiome.

A Review Article published in 2021 in the journal Pharmacological Research found that Baicalin, a Scutellaria baicalensis extract, has been found to have numerous therapeutic applications in liver and gut diseases by mediating apoptosis and immune response pathways. High-throughput screening and bioinformatics technology were utilized in the extraction and study of baicalin from the dried root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, an herb traditionally used in Chinese medicine. The research sought to understand the biological action of baicalin, particularly how it affects diseases related to the liver and gut. The effects were associated mainly with downstream apoptosis and immune response pathways, which are induced by upstream oxidative stress and inflammation. In the discussion of the resultant findings, it was identified that baicalin engages various key factors during oxidative stress regulation. These include PI3K/Akt/NRF2, Keap-1, NF-κB, and HO-1, contributing to the healing effects of baicalin on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, ulcerative colitis, and cholestasis. Further, it was discovered that baicalin plays a therapeutic role in regulating inflammatory response and apoptosis pathways. This ability aids in the alleviation of liver diseases and suppression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Baicalin was also found to regulate the intestinal flora by promoting the production of short-chain fatty acids, shedding new light on the full range of baicalin's pharmacological effects.

A Experimental Study published in 2020 in the journal Nutrients found that Unpasteurised milk and dairy products intake could potentially alter gut microbiome composition which may influence psychological functioning. In this observational study, the impact of dietary change involving unpasteurized dairy consumption on gut microbiota and psychological state was observed among participants of a 12-week residential cookery course on an organic farm. Twenty-four participants, who primarily consumed food from the farm including unpasteurised milk and dairy products, provided faecal samples at the beginning and end of the course. Concurrently, they completed self-report questionnaires touching on mood, anxiety, and sleep aspects and nutrient intake was monitored via a food frequency questionnaire. Gut microbiota analysis was carried out using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and measurement of faecal short chain fatty acids. Post-course, there was a significant growth in the relative abundance of a specific bacterial genus in the gut, associated with unpasteurised milk and dairy product intake. Furthermore, an increase in a particular faecal short chain fatty acid, valerate, was observed together with an elevation in the functional richness of the microbiome profile. The latter was determined by measuring the predicted neuroactive potential using a unique gut-brain module approach. Despite safety concerns, the consumption of unpasteurised milk and dairy products seemed to promote the growth of probiotic bacterial genus, known to be beneficial for various physical and mental health outcomes.

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