Barley

Presentation Slides

Chinese Medicine Research Hub

Review Article

Beer, specifically low-purine and high-active ingredient beer such as ginger, ginseng, and coix-lily, possess functional ingredients contributing to controlling chronic human diseases.

2024 Molecules Physiological Mechanisms by Which the Functional Ingredients in Beer Impact Human Health
Zeng Y, Ahmed HGMD, Li X, Yang L, Pu X, Yang X, Yang T, Yang J

Chinese Medicine Research Hub

Systematic Review

Consumption of certain foods like rapeseed/canola oil, avocados, and turmeric can lead to moderate to large reductions in LDL cholesterol levels.

2021 Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases The effects of foods on LDL cholesterol levels: A systematic review of the accumulated evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials
Schoeneck M, Iggman D

Chinese Medicine Research Hub

The pharmacological actions of Coix seed in gastric cancer treatment may involve pathways in cancer, the DNA damage response, transcription factor binding, the apoptotic process, and the cell–cell junction.

2020 Natural Product Communications Mechanism Analysis of Coix Seed in Gastric Cancer Treatment Based on Biological Network Modules
Zhang, F., Liu, X., Huo, B., Li, B., & Zhang, R. (

Chinese Medicine Research Hub

Coix seed extract could augment the efficacy of gemcitabine therapy in pancreatic cancer cells at least partly due to the alteration of ABC transporter-mediated drug efflux function.

2019 International Journal of Molecular Sciences Coix Seed Extract Enhances the Anti-Pancreatic Cancer Efficacy of Gemcitabine through Regulating ABCB1- and ABCG2-Mediated Drug Efflux: A Bioluminescent Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Study
Qian, Y.; Xiong, Y.; Feng, D.; Wu, Y.; Zhang, X.; Chen, L.; Gu, M.

Chinese Medicine Research Hub

Review Article

The claimed health benefits of coix include anti-oxidation, anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, anti-allergy, enhancing immunological activity, regulating endocrine functions, anti-obesity, anti-diabetes, gastroprotection, hypolipidemia, and modulating gut microbiota.

2017 Trends in Food Science & Technology Coix: Chemical composition and health effects
Fan Zhu

Executive Summary

Write an executive summary in the form of a blog article on the topic of "Research into Chinese medicine treatment for Barley" summarising the research below and using language that can be easily understood by patients and avoiding medical jargon using a professional and caring tone of voice.

Write an executive summary in the form of a blog article on the topic of "Researched Chinese medicine treatments for Barley" summarising the research below in an objective and easy to understand way, and using language that can be easily understood by patients. Group the article into Chinese medicine treatments first, followed by nutrition and other treatments. Avoid using medical jargon and use a professional and caring tone of voice.

Write me a concise but easy to understand executive summary on the topic of "Chinese medicine treatments for Barley" based on the following research that I will give you. Your summary should be 2 paragraphs long in Australian English spelling and include references to the studies.

A Review Article published in 2024 in the journal Molecules found that Beer, specifically low-purine and high-active ingredient beer such as ginger, ginseng, and coix-lily, possess functional ingredients contributing to controlling chronic human diseases. The study incorporated a comprehensive analysis of information derived from PubMed, Google, CNKI, and ISI Web of Science databases, integrating published data from 1997 to 2024. The researchers set out to elucidate the physiological impacts of beer's functional ingredients, with an intense concentration on those exerting potential health benefits. The types of beer explored encompass those produced from pure barley malt, presenting low purine and high active ingredients. More specific attention was directed towards uniquely brewed variants such as ginger, ginseng, and coix-lily beer, which replicate ancestral practices from approximately 9000 years ago. The discussion of results inferred the observable health benefits of beer in combating 26 chronic diseases, attributing these effects primarily to the physiological behavior of the beer's polyphenols, melatonin, minerals, bitter acids, vitamins, and peptides. Importantly, these health impacts of beer were found to closely resemble those demonstrated by barley, signifying the consequential role of barley's functionality in the equation. Furthermore, it was highlighted that the production of low-purine beer could be facilitated through enzymatic and biological degradation and adsorption of purines, in conjunction with the addition of dandelion. This research, hence, provides a crucial scientific foundation for the advancement of functional beers that foster health benefits.

A Systematic Review published in 2021 in the journal Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases found that Consumption of certain foods like rapeseed/canola oil, avocados, and turmeric can lead to moderate to large reductions in LDL cholesterol levels. The research was carried out by conducting a systematic evaluation of existing guidelines, systematic reviews, and Randomised Control Trials (RCTs); we have only referred to the latter for studies on coffee intake. This was done on databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, alongside a search on the Trip database for guidelines. The time frame for the study was from its inception up until June 2019 and October 2019 respectively. Studies were included if they were at least 13 days in duration and were in English. Using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) method, 37 guidelines, 108 systematic reviews, and 20 RCTs were evaluated to analyze the strength of evidence in the context of food impacts on LDL cholesterol levels. The results of the research reveal that foods high in unsaturated and low in saturated and trans fatty acids such as rapeseed or canola oil, those with added plant sterols/stanols, and those high in soluble fibre like oats, barley and psyllium cause moderate reductions in LDL cholesterol. A moderate to a large increase was observed with unfiltered coffee though. Soy protein, tomatoes, flaxseeds, and almonds cause small reductions. Meanwhile, foods like avocados and turmeric cause moderate to large reductions with a moderate level of evidence supporting this observation. Other foods like pulses, hazelnuts, walnuts, high-fiber/wholegrain foods, green tea result in small to moderate reductions, and sugar causes a small increase. Several foods identified were either neutral or had low or very low evidence regarding their effects on LDL cholesterol levels.

A published in 2020 in the journal Natural Product Communications found that The pharmacological actions of Coix seed in gastric cancer treatment may involve pathways in cancer, the DNA damage response, transcription factor binding, the apoptotic process, and the cell–cell junction. Coix seed, the mature seed of Coix lacryma-jobi L., is a traditional herb widely used in various cancer adjuvant treatments; however, its mechanism is unknown. The aim of this study was to reveal the multitarget mechanisms of Coix seed in the treatment of gastric cancer (GC) by biological network and modular analysis methods. Forty-one ingredients and 482 targets of Coix seed and 165 GC-related genes were obtained from databases. Twelve on-target genes (AICDA, CASP3, EP300, ERBB2, FGFR2, IL12A, IL12B, IL1B, LOX, TJP1, TP53, and TRIB3) of Coix seed overlapped with GC-related genes. Using compound-target and protein–protein interaction network analyses, we discovered the core targets of Coix seed. Markov cluster algorithm-based modular analysis identified 5 potential module targets of Coix seed for GC. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis demonstrated the vast actions of Coix seed, which involve pathways in cancer, the cell cycle, receptor signal transduction, deoxyribonucleic acid damage response, transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, and cell connections. This study elucidated the potential mechanisms of Coix seed on GC, which may lead to the development of an effective drug. Additionally, this study showed the feasibility of network and modular analysis methods to investigate traditional Chinese medicinal herbal mechanisms and may provide a new angle for further research in the field of anticancer mechanisms and multitarget drugs.

A published in 2019 in the journal International Journal of Molecular Sciences found that Coix seed extract could augment the efficacy of gemcitabine therapy in pancreatic cancer cells at least partly due to the alteration of ABC transporter-mediated drug efflux function. Results showed that coix seed extract could synergistically enhance the anti-cancer efficacy of gemcitabine. Meanwhile coix seed extract alone or in combination with gemcitabine could significantly increase the AUCluc while decreasing the Kluc. Western blot and immunohistochemistry assay demonstrated that coix seed extract could significantly mitigate gemcitabine-induced upregulation of ABCB1 and ABCG2 protein. The Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated that the bioluminescent pharmacokinetic parameters and pharmacodynamic index have strong association in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion coix seed extract could augment the efficacy of gemcitabine therapy in pancreatic cancer cells may at least partly due to the alteration of ABC transporter-mediated drug efflux function.

A Review Article published in 2017 in the journal Trends in Food Science & Technology found that The claimed health benefits of coix include anti-oxidation, anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, anti-allergy, enhancing immunological activity, regulating endocrine functions, anti-obesity, anti-diabetes, gastroprotection, hypolipidemia, and modulating gut microbiota. Coix seeds contain a range of bioactive components including polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, polyphenols, phytosterols, carotenoids, spiroenone and lactams. The chemical constituents of coix contribute to a range of medical and nutritional benefits. These claimed health benefits include anti-oxidation, anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, anti-allergy, enhancing immunological activity, regulating endocrine functions, anti-obesity, anti-diabetes, gastroprotection, hypolipidemia, and modulating gut microbiota. The bioactivity of coix depends on the varieties as well as the sample preparation methods such as the solvent type. Coix seed is rich in starch and has similar processing properties of other cereals for food formulation. Coix can be further developed as a healthy grain for human consumption.

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