GABA
Also known as: Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
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Research Articles
Published research studies are articles that present the findings of original research that has undergone a peer-review process and has been made publicly available in scholarly journals, books or other media.
Combined Effects of Ziziphus jujuba, Dimocarpus longan, and Lactuca sativa on Sleep-Related Behaviors through GABAergic Signaling
2023 Dec 19 Foods Bae GY, Ko K, Yang E, Park SS, Suh HJ, Hong KB
Experimental Study Animal StudyA blend of jujube seeds, longan fruits, and lettuce leaves significantly increases sleep time in fruit flies and mice.
Sleep-Enhancing Effect of Water Extract from Jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.) Seeds Fermented by Lactobacillus brevis L32
2023 Jul 27 Foods Bae GY, Ahn Y, Hong KB, Jung EJ, Suh HJ, Jo K
Experimental Study Suan Zao RenThe fermented jujube seeds extract significantly enhances sleep by binding to the GABA receptors, thus offers a promising natural alternative for sleep disorders treatment.
Effects of Acupuncture Therapy on Drug-Resistant Fibromyalgia: An Exploratory Single-Arm Nonrandomized Trial
2022 Jun 01 Medical Acupuncture Minakawa Y, Saito S, Matsumoto Y, Oka H, Miki K, Yukioka M, et al.
The combination of conventional electroacupuncture plus electro-scalp acupuncture effectively alleviated pain, improved quality of life (QOL), and led to a reduction in pregabalin dosage requirements in patients with fibromyalgia.
Randomised Controlled Trial
Comparison between acupuncture therapy and gabapentin for chronic pain: a pilot study
2021 Jul 29 Acupuncture in Medicine Chen L, Deng H, Houle T, Zhang Y, Ahmed S, Zhang W, et al.
This pilot study suggests that a large-scale clinical study with an adequate sample size would be warranted to compare acupuncture and medication therapy for chronic pain management.
Randomised Controlled Trial
Regulation of GABAA and 5-HT Receptors Involved in Anxiolytic Mechanisms of Jujube Seed: A System Biology Study Assisted by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS and RT-qPCR Method
2020 Oct 15 Frontiers in Pharmacology Chen L, Zhang X, Hu C, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Kan J, et al.
Experimental StudyJujube seed extract has been found to primarily reduce anxiety by regulating the GABAergic and serotonergic synapse pathways, specifically modulating GABRA1, HTR1A, and HTR2A.
Research Insights
Insights are moderated by the Research Hub team and offer an at-a-glance overview of interesting research findings.
A blend of jujube seeds, longan fruits, and lettuce leaves significantly increases sleep time in fruit flies and mice.
2023 Foods Combined Effects of Ziziphus jujuba, Dimocarpus longan, and Lactuca sativa on Sleep-Related Behaviors through GABAergic Signaling Bae GY, Ko K, Yang E, Park SS, Suh HJ, Hong KB
Experimental Study
In the methodology of this study, behavioral analyses using fruit flies were carried out to find the optimal combination of extracts from Ziziphus jujuba seeds, Dimocarpus longan fruits, and Lactuca sativa leaves. The experiment further tested this mixture's sleep-enhancing effects on a caffeine-induced sleepless model and via neurotransmitter receptor antagonists in fruit flies. Additionally, ICR mice were used to comprehend the potential effect of the extracts on sleep duration.
Discussion of the study's outcomes has indicated that the mixed ratio – particularly 4:1:1 – of the three extracts considerably enhances total sleep time both in the fruit flies and the mice. Moreover, the experiment spotted alternations in gene expression related to GABA receptors, pointing to a probable mechanism underlying the promoted sleep effects.
The fermented jujube seeds extract significantly enhances sleep by binding to the GABA receptors, thus offers a promising natural alternative for sleep disorders treatment.
2023 Foods Sleep-Enhancing Effect of Water Extract from Jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Mill.) Seeds Fermented by Lactobacillus brevis L32 Bae GY, Ahn Y, Hong KB, Jung EJ, Suh HJ, Jo K
Experimental Study Suan Zao Ren
Methodology: An aqueous extract of jujube seeds (ZW) was fermented, following a starch-removing enzymatic degradation process, to increase its γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content, resulting in a fermented product (ZW-FM). The sleep-promoting effect of ZW-FM was evaluated using rodent models; specifically, sleep tests were performed on ICR mice with pentobarbital-induced sleep, while the electroencephalography analysis was undertaken in Sprague Dawley rats. Awakening relief effects of ZW-FM were assessed using a caffeine-induced insomnia model. To understand the mechanism, GABA receptor type A (GABA) antagonists were used.
Results: The groups given ZW-FM treatment displayed a longer sleep duration, particularly increased δ-wave time during non-rapid eye movement sleep, and reduced sleep latency. Particularly, the model treated with ZW-FM showed an increase in non-rapid-eye-movement sleep and a reduction in the REM sleep duration, brought about by caffeine treatment. The enhanced sleep induction caused by ZW-FM was hindered by GABA receptor antagonists, thereby validating the involvement of a GABAergic mechanism in promoting sleep.
Jujube seed extract has been found to primarily reduce anxiety by regulating the GABAergic and serotonergic synapse pathways, specifically modulating GABRA1, HTR1A, and HTR2A.
2020 Frontiers in Pharmacology Regulation of GABAA and 5-HT Receptors Involved in Anxiolytic Mechanisms of Jujube Seed: A System Biology Study Assisted by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS and RT-qPCR Method Chen L, Zhang X, Hu C, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Kan J, et al.
Experimental Study
The research relied on a system biology method supported by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography Quadrupole Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) and Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR). Initially, 35 phytochemicals were identified from the Jujube seed extract, which related to 71 anxiolytic targets. Further investigations, including protein-protein interaction, gene cluster, Gene Ontology, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways analyses, were conducted to identify the anxiolytic mechanisms of the extract.
The results highlighted that the main anxiolytic mechanisms of the Jujube seed extract were linked to the regulation of serotonergic and GABAergic synapse pathways. The extract's impact on the mRNA expressions of multiple gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA) and serotonin (5-HT) receptors subtypes was verified in human neuroblastoma cells. Surprisingly, the extract (250 μg/mL) not only amplified the mRNA level of GABRA1 and GABRA3 alongside HTR1A, HTR2A, and HTR2B in untreated cells but also suppressed the overexpressed mRNA of GABRA1, GABRA2, HTR1A, and HTR2A in stress-induced cells.
Gan Mai Da Zao decoction has shown comparable anxiolytic effects to Diazepam and Buspirone in mice, possibly regulated by serotonin and gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors.
2019 Frontiers in Neuroscience GABA and 5-HT Systems Are Involved in the Anxiolytic Effect of Gan-Mai-Da-Zao Decoction Chen HS, Gu LJ, Yang YX, Guo JY
Animal Study GABA system Gan Mai Da Zao Tang Serotonin
The mice were given the Gan-Mai-Da-Zao (GMDZ) decoction orally at different concentrations for a week, with Diazepam and Buspirone serving as positive controls. Anxiety-level testing was conducted using a combination of the elevated plus-maze, light/dark box, marble burying, open field, and rota-rod tests, providing a comprehensive assessment of the decoction's effects on mice.
Furthermore, the anxiolytic effects that GMDZ induced in the mice were challenged by the application of Flumazenil, a gamma-aminobutyric acid-A receptor antagonist, and WAY-100635, a serotonin-1A receptor antagonist. They found that the effects were successfully inhibited, indicating that the mechanism of action of GMDZ could be linked to both the serotonin and gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors in the nervous system, thereby reducing anxiety-like behavior in mice.
The combination of acupuncture and a low dose of gabapentin (300 mg/d) is clinically effective in treating restless legs syndrome and has an additional therapeutic benefit compared to gabapentin alone.
2017 Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies Evaluation of Acupuncture in the Treatment of Restless Legs Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial Raissi GR, Forogh B, Ahadi T, Ghahramanpoori S, Ghaboussi P, Sajadi S
Randomised Controlled Trial
The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of medical acupuncture as an additional treatment to gabapentin for controlling restless legs syndrome (RLS) symptoms. Forty-six RLS patients were randomly assigned to either receive 10 sessions of acupuncture plus gabapentin or gabapentin alone over four weeks, with their symptoms assessed before, immediately after, and eight weeks after treatment. Results showed that the experimental group had significantly better improvements in VAS, IRLSRS, and PSQI compared to the control group. After the treatment, both groups had significant improvements in VAS and IRLSRS, while only the experimental group had a significant improvement in PSQI.
Review Articles
Review articles summarise and critically evaluate the current state of research on a specific topic or field by synthesising multiple primary research studies.
Clinical Trials
Clinical trials are research studies that involve people and are conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of new treatments or interventions, such as drugs, medical devices, or behavioural therapies.
Effects of Acupuncture Therapy on Drug-Resistant Fibromyalgia: An Exploratory Single-Arm Nonrandomized Trial
2022 Jun 01 Medical Acupuncture Minakawa Y, Saito S, Matsumoto Y, Oka H, Miki K, Yukioka M, et al.
The combination of conventional electroacupuncture plus electro-scalp acupuncture effectively alleviated pain, improved quality of life (QOL), and led to a reduction in pregabalin dosage requirements in patients with fibromyalgia.
Randomised Controlled TrialComparison between acupuncture therapy and gabapentin for chronic pain: a pilot study
2021 Jul 29 Acupuncture in Medicine Chen L, Deng H, Houle T, Zhang Y, Ahmed S, Zhang W, et al.
This pilot study suggests that a large-scale clinical study with an adequate sample size would be warranted to compare acupuncture and medication therapy for chronic pain management.
Randomised Controlled TrialEvaluation of Acupuncture in the Treatment of Restless Legs Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial
2017 Oct Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies Raissi GR, Forogh B, Ahadi T, Ghahramanpoori S, Ghaboussi P, Sajadi S
Randomised Controlled TrialThe combination of acupuncture and a low dose of gabapentin (300 mg/d) is clinically effective in treating restless legs syndrome and has an additional therapeutic benefit compared to gabapentin alone.
Presentation Slides
A blend of jujube seeds, longan fruits, and lettuce leaves significantly increases sleep time in fruit flies and mice.
The fermented jujube seeds extract significantly enhances sleep by binding to the GABA receptors, thus offers a promising natural alternative for sleep disorders treatment.
Jujube seed extract has been found to primarily reduce anxiety by regulating the GABAergic and serotonergic synapse pathways, specifically modulating GABRA1, HTR1A, and HTR2A.
Gan Mai Da Zao decoction has shown comparable anxiolytic effects to Diazepam and Buspirone in mice, possibly regulated by serotonin and gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors.
The combination of acupuncture and a low dose of gabapentin (300 mg/d) is clinically effective in treating restless legs syndrome and has an additional therapeutic benefit compared to gabapentin alone.
Curcumin's potential anxiolytic and antidepressant impacts do not significantly alter behavior or interact with the benzodiazepine site of the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor A.
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