Indigestion
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Indigestion, also known as dyspepsia, is a common digestive disorder characterised by discomfort or pain in the upper abdomen, often accompanied by symptoms such as bloating, nausea, and belching.
Also known as: Dyspepsia, Functional Dyspepsia, Postprandial Distress Syndrome
Published research studies are articles that present the findings of original research that has undergone a peer-review process and has been made publicly available in scholarly journals, books or other media.

Chinese Herbal Medicine for Functional Dyspepsia With Psychological Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
2022 Jul 14 Frontiers in Neuroscience Luo X, Wang L, Fang S, Qing X, Jiang T, Yang Y, et al.
Systematic Review Meta-Analysis Chinese Herbal Medicine IndigestionChinese herbal medicine shows promising and safe outcomes in relieving functional dyspepsia symptoms and associated psychological disorders.

Habitual Green Kiwifruit Consumption Is Associated with a Reduction in Upper Gastrointestinal Symptoms: A Systematic Scoping Review
2022 May Advances in Nutrition Bayer SB, Frampton CM, Gearry RB, Barbara G
Review Article KiwifruitConsuming kiwifruit, particularly the green variety, can effectively alleviate upper gastrointestinal symptoms like abdominal discomfort, pain, and indigestion.

Efficacy and Safety of Chinese Herbal Medicine Xiao Yao San in Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: A meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
2022 Jan 20 Frontiers in Pharmacology Liu Q, Shi Z, Zhang T, Jiang T, Luo X, Su X, et al.
Systematic Review Meta-Analysis Irritable Bowel Syndrome Indigestion ConstipationXiao Yao San can improve symptoms and reduce recurrence rates in patients with disorders of gut-brain interaction.

Chinese herbal medicine for functional dyspepsia: a network meta-analysis of prokinetic-controlled randomised trials
2021 Dec 20 Chinese Medicine Ho, L., Zhong, C.C.W., Wong, C.H.L. et al.
Modified Zhi Zhu Decoction and Xiao Pi Kuan Wei Decoction may be considered as an alternative for patients unresponsive to prokinetics.
Meta-Analysis Indigestion
Traditional Chinese medicine compounds for the treatment of functional dyspepsia: an updated meta-analysis of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials
2021 Dec Digital Chinese Medicine Luo Xiaoying, Yang Yang, Mao Xinyong, Song Gengqing, Liu Qian, Jiang Tianyuan, et al.
Our results showed that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) compounds treatment could significantly alleviate functional dyspepsia (FD) symptoms, improve gastric emptying in FD patients, and help to improve their quality of life. No severe adverse reactions have been reported in clinical applications.
Meta-Analysis IndigestionResearch insights are moderated by the Research Hub team and offer an at-a-glance overview of interesting research findings.

2022 Frontiers in Neuroscience
Chinese herbal medicine shows promising and safe outcomes in relieving functional dyspepsia symptoms and associated psychological disorders.
Systematic Review Chinese Herbal Medicine
Chinese Herbal Medicine for Functional Dyspepsia With Psychological Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Luo X, Wang L, Fang S, Qing X, Jiang T, Yang Y, et al.

2022 Advances in Nutrition
Consuming kiwifruit, particularly the green variety, can effectively alleviate upper gastrointestinal symptoms like abdominal discomfort, pain, and indigestion.
Review Article Kiwifruit
Habitual Green Kiwifruit Consumption Is Associated with a Reduction in Upper Gastrointestinal Symptoms: A Systematic Scoping Review
Bayer SB, Frampton CM, Gearry RB, Barbara G

2022 Frontiers in Pharmacology
Xiao Yao San can improve symptoms and reduce recurrence rates in patients with disorders of gut-brain interaction.
Systematic Review Constipation Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Efficacy and Safety of Chinese Herbal Medicine Xiao Yao San in Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: A meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Liu Q, Shi Z, Zhang T, Jiang T, Luo X, Su X, et al.

2020 World Journal of Gastroenterology
Positive effects of acupuncture and electroacupuncture were observed in regulating gastric motility, gastric accommodation, mental status, gastrointestinal hormones, and central and autonomic functions while improving dyspeptic symptoms and quality of life.
GERD
Effects and mechanisms of acupuncture and electroacupuncture for functional dyspepsia: A systematic review
Guo Y, Wei W, Chen JD

2016 Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Acupuncture was superior to either sham acupuncture or medication (including Itopride, Mosapride, and Domperidone) in relieving the major symptoms of functional dyspepsia.
Systematic Review
Acupuncture for Functional Dyspepsia: What Strength Does It Have? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trial
Bo Pang, Tao Jiang, Yuan-Hao Du, Jing Li, Bo Li, Ya-Cai Hu, et al.
Review Articles
Review articles summarise and critically evaluate the current state of research on a specific topic or field by synthesising multiple primary research studies.

Chinese Herbal Medicine for Functional Dyspepsia With Psychological Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
2022 Jul 14 Frontiers in Neuroscience Luo X, Wang L, Fang S, Qing X, Jiang T, Yang Y, et al.
Systematic Review Meta-Analysis Chinese Herbal Medicine IndigestionChinese herbal medicine shows promising and safe outcomes in relieving functional dyspepsia symptoms and associated psychological disorders.

Habitual Green Kiwifruit Consumption Is Associated with a Reduction in Upper Gastrointestinal Symptoms: A Systematic Scoping Review
2022 May Advances in Nutrition Bayer SB, Frampton CM, Gearry RB, Barbara G
Review Article KiwifruitConsuming kiwifruit, particularly the green variety, can effectively alleviate upper gastrointestinal symptoms like abdominal discomfort, pain, and indigestion.

Efficacy and Safety of Chinese Herbal Medicine Xiao Yao San in Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: A meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
2022 Jan 20 Frontiers in Pharmacology Liu Q, Shi Z, Zhang T, Jiang T, Luo X, Su X, et al.
Systematic Review Meta-Analysis Irritable Bowel Syndrome Indigestion ConstipationXiao Yao San can improve symptoms and reduce recurrence rates in patients with disorders of gut-brain interaction.

Chinese herbal medicine for functional dyspepsia: systematic review of systematic reviews
2018 Jul 16 Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology Chu, Michael H. K., et al.
Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) can be considered as an alternative for the treatment of functional dyspepsia (FD) symptoms when prokinetic agents and proton pump inhibitors are contraindicated.
Systematic Review Indigestion
The genus Polygonatum : A review of ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and pharmacology
2018 Mar Journal of Ethnopharmacology Zhao P, Zhao C, Li X, Gao Q, Huang L, Xiao P, et al.
Based on this review, some traditional uses of Polygonatum species have been confirmed by pharmacological studies, such as its anti-osteoporosis, neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, anti-diabetic and anti-fatigue effects. Most of the pharmacological effects of this genus can be attributed to its polysaccharides, saponins and lectins. However, to clarify the chemical differences that lead to the different traditional uses between “Huangjing” (derived from P. sibiricum, P. kingianum, P. cyrtonema) and “Yuzhu” (derived from P. odoratum), a systematic comparison of the small molecule compositions and polysaccharides of these four species is needed.
Review ArticleClinical Trials
Clinical trials are research studies that involve people and are conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of new treatments or interventions, such as drugs, medical devices, or behavioural therapies.
Study Protocols
Published study protocols are detailed plans that outline the objectives, methodology, statistical analyses, and organisation of a research study that have been made publicly available for others to review and use as a reference.
Presentation Slides

Systematic Review
Chinese herbal medicine shows promising and safe outcomes in relieving functional dyspepsia symptoms and associated psychological disorders.
Luo X, Wang L, Fang S, Qing X, Jiang T, Yang Y, Su X, Wei W

Review Article
Consuming kiwifruit, particularly the green variety, can effectively alleviate upper gastrointestinal symptoms like abdominal discomfort, pain, and indigestion.
Bayer SB, Frampton CM, Gearry RB, Barbara G

Systematic Review
Xiao Yao San can improve symptoms and reduce recurrence rates in patients with disorders of gut-brain interaction.
Liu Q, Shi Z, Zhang T, Jiang T, Luo X, Su X, Yang Y and Wei W

Positive effects of acupuncture and electroacupuncture were observed in regulating gastric motility, gastric accommodation, mental status, gastrointestinal hormones, and central and autonomic functions while improving dyspeptic symptoms and quality of life.
Guo Y, Wei W, Chen JD

Systematic Review
Acupuncture was superior to either sham acupuncture or medication (including Itopride, Mosapride, and Domperidone) in relieving the major symptoms of functional dyspepsia.
Bo Pang, Tao Jiang, Yuan-Hao Du, Jing Li, Bo Li, Ya-Cai Hu, Qiu-Han Ca

Network Pharmacology
The consumption of kiwifruit with a meal can increase the rate and extent of the hydrolysis of protein.
Donaldson B, Rush E, Young O, Winger R
Executive Summary
Write an executive summary in the form of a blog article on the topic of "Research into Chinese medicine treatment for Indigestion" summarising the research below and using language that can be easily understood by patients and avoiding medical jargon using a professional and caring tone of voice.
Write an executive summary in the form of a blog article on the topic of "Researched Chinese medicine treatments for Indigestion" summarising the research below in an objective and easy to understand way, and using language that can be easily understood by patients. Group the article into Chinese medicine treatments first, followed by nutrition and other treatments. Avoid using medical jargon and use a professional and caring tone of voice.
Write me a concise but easy to understand executive summary on the topic of "Chinese medicine treatments for Indigestion" based on the following research that I will give you. Your summary should be 2 paragraphs long in Australian English spelling and include references to the studies.
A Systematic Review published in 2022 in the journal Frontiers in Neuroscience found that Chinese herbal medicine shows promising and safe outcomes in relieving functional dyspepsia symptoms and associated psychological disorders. The methodology for this research involved a comprehensive search across various libraries and databases, such as PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and various Chinese data sources, seeking randomized controlled trials where functional dyspepsia was treated with Chinese herbal medicine. The aim was to assess the efficacy and safety of this type of treatment for functional dyspepsia. Two researchers independently conducted each stage of the process, from searching the sources, screening the documents, extracting data, and assessing risk biases within the included studies. They used RevMan 5.4 software to do a meta-analysis of the selected research materials. The discussion of their findings showed that treatment with Chinese herbal medicine significantly alleviated the symptoms of functional dyspepsia, compared to both a placebo group and a group treated with traditional prokinetic agents and flupentixol melitracen. Patients treated with Chinese herbal medicine reported higher total effective rates and lower total symptom scores, along with smaller depression and anxiety scores. The symptoms of functional dyspepsia, in this case, were improved more successfully with Chinese herbal medicine than with other treatment types, without any significant adverse reactions.
A Review Article published in 2022 in the journal Advances in Nutrition found that Consuming kiwifruit, particularly the green variety, can effectively alleviate upper gastrointestinal symptoms like abdominal discomfort, pain, and indigestion. The research undertook a systematic scoping review of three electronic databases from 1947 until January 2021. The team searched for clinical trials that investigated the effects of either green or gold kiwifruit or their compounds on upper gastrointestinal symptoms. They focused on the studies that had the symptom relief as secondary outcomes in healthy participants or those with functional constipation or irritable bowel syndrome with constipation. The outcomes were analyzed based on the type of measurement tools used; one being the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) and the others being non-GSRS methods. The analysis unveiled that out of the identified 12 clinical trials, with a total of 661 participants, only five used the GSRS to assess symptom relief. Green kiwifruit showed notable results in reducing abdominal discomfort and pain. Kiwifruit consumption, in general, appeared to diminish indigestion. While the number of studies reporting on symptom relief using a comparable measurement was limited, the evidence for kiwifruit's positive efficacy on gastrointestinal symptom relief remained consistent.
A Systematic Review published in 2022 in the journal Frontiers in Pharmacology found that Xiao Yao San can improve symptoms and reduce recurrence rates in patients with disorders of gut-brain interaction. The paper's methodology involved a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials found in seven databases, up until November 22, 2021. The trials, which totaled 48 all together, were included to determine the efficacy of Xiao-Yao-San in treating disorders of gut-brain interaction (previously known as functional gastrointestinal disorders). A range of measures, including therapeutic efficacy, symptom score, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale score, Self-Rating Depression Scale score, and the recurrence rate, were analysed using both random-effects and fixed-effects models, as well as trial sequential analysis. In terms of results, Xiao-Yao-San showed a marked improvement in the effective rate of managing disorders of gut-brain interaction compared to western drugs, both when used alone and in combination with western medicine. The paper also found the treatment notably reduced symptom scores, anxiety scores, and depression scores for patients with the disorder. Further, instances of recurrence were also reduced. Overall, Xiao-Yao-San was well tolerated and no serious adverse events were reported in any of the trials included in this analysis.
A published in 2020 in the journal World Journal of Gastroenterology found that Positive effects of acupuncture and electroacupuncture were observed in regulating gastric motility, gastric accommodation, mental status, gastrointestinal hormones, and central and autonomic functions while improving dyspeptic symptoms and quality of life. In this systematic review, we pooled randomized controlled trials with mechanistic investigations of acupuncture or electroacupuncture in improving dyspeptic symptoms, and illustrated the existing results that may provide potential explanations for the therapeutic effects. The findings of included studies in this review suggest that acupuncture and electroacupuncture can improve gastric motility and accommodation, regulate gastrointestinal hormones and mental status, and alter certain central and autonomic functions in patients with functional dyspepsia. However, due to limitations in the included articles, high-quality studies with well-planned designs and multiregional investigations are necessary to provide more convincing and credible evidence.
A Systematic Review published in 2016 in the journal Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine found that Acupuncture was superior to either sham acupuncture or medication (including Itopride, Mosapride, and Domperidone) in relieving the major symptoms of functional dyspepsia. Acupuncture therapy (including manual and electroacupuncture) achieved statistically significant effect in improving the overall symptoms and quality of life of functional dyspepsia patients comparing to sham acupuncture and is superior to medication (prokinetic agents) in ameliorating the major symptoms of functional dyspepsia (postprandial fullness and early satiation).
A Network Pharmacology published in 2014 in the journal Nutrients found that The consumption of kiwifruit with a meal can increase the rate and extent of the hydrolysis of protein. This in vitro study has shown that in elevated gastric pH conditions, such as may present with compromised gastric function, the addition of kiwifruit protease more than doubled the rate of hydrolysis of meat protein. This novel finding supports the hypothesis that consumption of kiwifruit with a meal can increase the rate and extent of the hydrolysis of protein. Evidence is also provided that when the added acid concentration decreased from 0.074 M to 0.022 M (HCl), pepsin activity reduced by 50% and kiwifruit activity increased by 300%. This evidence indicates that kiwifruit may exert its influence on digestion by increasing the extent of protein digestion in the gastric medium when the secretion of pepsin and/or hydrochloric acid is less than optimal. It is reported [12] in a study of 365 healthy subjects, average fasting gastric pH was 2.16 ± 0.11 for men and 2.79 ± 0.18 for women, but in another study of 79 healthy elderly people [13], 11% of the participants recorded fasting gastric pH > 5.0 throughout the study.
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