Pomegranate Peel

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Chinese Medicine Research Hub

Randomised Controlled Trial

Pomegranate peel extract, along with a calorie deficit diet, could improve risk factors of metabolic syndrome and reduce fatty liver in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

2023 Nutrition Journal Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel extract ameliorates metabolic syndrome risk factors in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized double-blind clinical trial
Barghchi H, Milkarizi N, Belyani S, Norouzian Ostad A, Askari VR, Rajabzadeh F, Goshayeshi L, Ghelichi Kheyrabadi SY, Razavidarmian M, Dehnavi Z, Sobhani SR, Nematy M

Chinese Medicine Research Hub

Experimental Study

Pomegranate has been found to alleviate morphological and functional changes in the thyroid glands induced by Lithium Carbonate by controlling apoptosis and oxidative stress.

2022 The Anatomical Record Pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel alleviates lithium‐induced alterations in the thyroid gland of rats by modulating apoptosis and oxidative stress
El‐Din WAN, Fadel R, Rashid A, Al‐Mahameed AE, Othman MA

Chinese Medicine Research Hub

Review Article

The underutilized pomegranate peel, full of abundant bioactive substances, could be repurposed for its potential health benefits like anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, cardiovascular protection, and antibacterial activities.

2022 Frontiers in Nutrition Pomegranate Peel as a Source of Bioactive Compounds: A Mini Review on Their Physiological Functions
Mo Y, Ma J, Gao W, Zhang L, Li J, Li J, Zang J

Chinese Medicine Research Hub

Randomised Controlled Trial

Pomegranate peel extract supplementation can decrease total cholesterol and triglyceride levels while boosting antioxidant status in obese women with knee osteoarthritis.

2021 Advances in Integrative Medicine Effects of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel extract supplementation on serum lipid profile and oxidative stress in obese women with knee osteoarthritis: A double blind, randomized, placebo controlled study
Haghighian MK, Rafraf M, Hemmati S, Haghravan S, Asghari-Jafarabadi M

Chinese Medicine Research Hub

Animal Study

Pomegranate rind extract has been found to decrease pain and inflammation, suggesting it could contribute to treating rheumatoid arthritis.

2019 Journal of Food Biochemistry Pomegranate supplementation attenuates inflammation, joint dysfunction via inhibition of NF‐κB signaling pathway in experimental models of rheumatoid arthritis
Karwasra R, Singh S, Sharma D, Sharma S, Sharma N, Khanna K

Chinese Medicine Research Hub

Experimental Study

Pomegranate extracts and a probiotic strain have shown a combined effect in reducing fat content and the development of fat cells, potentially useful in preventing and treating obesity.

2019 Frontiers in Microbiology Beneficial Effects of Pomegranate Peel Extract and Probiotics on Pre-adipocyte Differentiation
Sorrenti V, Randazzo CL, Caggia C, Ballistreri G, Romeo FV, Fabroni S, Timpanaro N, Raffaele M, Vanella L

Executive Summary

Write an executive summary in the form of a blog article on the topic of "Research into Chinese medicine treatment for Pomegranate Peel" summarising the research below and using language that can be easily understood by patients and avoiding medical jargon using a professional and caring tone of voice.

Write an executive summary in the form of a blog article on the topic of "Researched Chinese medicine treatments for Pomegranate Peel" summarising the research below in an objective and easy to understand way, and using language that can be easily understood by patients. Group the article into Chinese medicine treatments first, followed by nutrition and other treatments. Avoid using medical jargon and use a professional and caring tone of voice.

Write me a concise but easy to understand executive summary on the topic of "Chinese medicine treatments for Pomegranate Peel" based on the following research that I will give you. Your summary should be 2 paragraphs long in Australian English spelling and include references to the studies.

A Randomised Controlled Trial published in 2023 in the journal Nutrition Journal found that Pomegranate peel extract, along with a calorie deficit diet, could improve risk factors of metabolic syndrome and reduce fatty liver in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In the first phase, the research involved the hydro-alcoholic extraction of the peel of 750 kilograms of pomegranate using the soaking method. The second phase saw patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease divided into two groups - a placebo group and a pomegranate peel capsule group. Both groups followed a diet with a 500 kcal deficit for eight weeks. Aspects like intolerance to the treatment, participants' dietary intake, their lipid and glycemic profiles, blood pressure, body composition, insulin resistance indexes and changes in fatty liver disease evaluated through elastography were monitored. Further, the study reported substantial decreases in multiple indicators such as body weight, waist circumference, body mass index, body fat index, trunk fat, blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride levels, LDL cholesterol, fat free mass, and fasting blood sugar in the group that took pomegranate peel capsules compared to the placebo group. Meanwhile, HDL cholesterol and liver steatosis and stiffness saw improvement. No significant differences, however, were found in the insulin and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance between the two groups.

A Experimental Study published in 2022 in the journal The Anatomical Record found that Pomegranate has been found to alleviate morphological and functional changes in the thyroid glands induced by Lithium Carbonate by controlling apoptosis and oxidative stress. The study divided rats into four groups: control, lithium, lithium-pomegranate, and pomegranate. For eight weeks, the rats were treated according to their respective group assignments. Following this period, they were sacrificed, and an array of assessments were conducted on the extracted thyroid glands. These evaluations included estimated levels of thyroid hormones and markers indicating oxidative stress, along with histological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural evaluations of the thyroid tissues. Observations in the group treated with lithium carbonate showed significant changes in thyroid hormone levels along with an increased expression of the oxidant marker and decreased expression of the antioxidant marker. Additionally, histological evaluation highlighted disorganization and follicle involution, a decline in both staining intensity and immunoreactivity of an antioxidant enzyme, an increase in collagen fiber content and Bax immunoreactivity, and marked distortions in follicular ultrastructure. However, in the group treated with both lithium carbonate and pomegranate, most of these changes were substantially mitigated, thereby indicating the potential protective role of pomegranate against lithium-induced alterations.

A Review Article published in 2022 in the journal Frontiers in Nutrition found that The underutilized pomegranate peel, full of abundant bioactive substances, could be repurposed for its potential health benefits like anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, cardiovascular protection, and antibacterial activities. This paper conducts a miniature review of the characterization and physiological functions of the key bioactive compounds present in pomegranate peel. The exploration underscores the main phenolic compounds in the peel, illustrating substances such as tannins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, dietary fibers, alkaloids, minerals, and vitamins. A deep understanding of these components and their potential benefits is vital to the study and future applications. The research finds that these core components essentially function as antioxidants, either enhancing oxidative biomarkers or proactively neutralizing reactive oxygen species. By establishing these key functions, it essentially links these activities to a broader context of benefits, including but not limited to anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, cardiovascular protection, and antibacterial attributes, thereby indicating a potential for substantial health benefits. With comprehensive understanding and appropriate application of these substances, the pomegranate peels, often classified as waste, could find a new life as robust health-enhancing elements.

A Randomised Controlled Trial published in 2021 in the journal Advances in Integrative Medicine found that Pomegranate peel extract supplementation can decrease total cholesterol and triglyceride levels while boosting antioxidant status in obese women with knee osteoarthritis. The research was a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial involving 66 obese women aged 38 to 60 years old with knee osteoarthritis. These participants were split into two groups, the intervention group and control group, each containing 33 members. The intervention group received pomegranate peel extract capsules (500 mg) twice daily for 8 weeks including standard drug therapy while the control group was given a placebo during the same period. All participants' fasting blood samples, anthropometric measurements, dietary intake data, and physical activity levels were collected both before the start and at the end of the trial. Results analysis showed that pomegranate peel extract supplementation brought down levels of serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and an oxidative stress marker while enhancing levels of some antioxidant enzymes and the overall antioxidant capacity when compared to the control group. However, there were no noticeable alterations between the two groups in terms of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and body mass index by the end of the experiment.

A Animal Study published in 2019 in the journal Journal of Food Biochemistry found that Pomegranate rind extract has been found to decrease pain and inflammation, suggesting it could contribute to treating rheumatoid arthritis. The researchers tested the effects of various doses of pomegranate rind extract on Wistar rats within established models of pain and inflammation, such as eddy's hot plate-induced algesia, carrageenan, and Complete Freund's adjuvant-induced models. Indomethacin was also evaluated for comparison. Researchers used bioactive compounds such as phenolics and flavanoids, both of which are known for their potent antioxidant activity. The results observed showed that a dose of 200 mg/kg of pomegranate led to a clear reduction in paw swelling in the rats in both inflammation models. The data further revealed an increase in pain threshold. Through these results, it was determined that pomegranate extract acts to reduce pain and inflammation by inhibiting the activation of a number of inflammatory markers. Furthermore, this study presents the first report on the inhibitory mechanism of these markers by pomegranate rind extract, which is enriched with tannins and flavanoids.

A Experimental Study published in 2019 in the journal Frontiers in Microbiology found that Pomegranate extracts and a probiotic strain have shown a combined effect in reducing fat content and the development of fat cells, potentially useful in preventing and treating obesity. The study was conducted to uncover the prebiotic potential of water-soluble pomegranate extract, characterized by its phenolic content. This was done by the use of High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Photodiode Array Detector and Electrospray Ionization/Mass Spectra (HPLC-PDA-ESI/MS). The investigation also involved testing the effects of the pomegranate extract and probiotic GG ATCC 53103 strain (LGG) on the 3T3-L1 cell line, to shed light on their impact on fat production and storage within cells. The study appears to showcase that the combination treatment of pomegranate extract and LGG have substantial effects in lowering the creation and accumulation of fat within cells. It was observed that the combined treatment was most effective in reducing triglyceride content and intracellular lipid accumulation. Furthermore, mRNA expression levels of the main transcriptional factors implicated in adipocyte differentiation were substantially lower in cells treated with this combination. These observations suggest a synergistic effect of probiotics and polyphenols contained in pomegranate extract, with the potential to influence fat cell development and offer benefits in addressing obesity.

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