Insights & Discussion
Decaffeinated coffee enriched with chlorogenic acid does not significantly affect blood glucose levels in healthy humans, even though it does impact animals.
A systematic literature review was carried out using relevant keywords in prominent databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Knowledge, Science Direct, Medline, Cochrane, and Scopus. From an initial pool of 1593 articles spanning 2003 to 2018, duplicates, irrelevant titles, and abstracts were eliminated, leaving 25 potentially relevant articles. Only randomized clinical trials were considered, further reducing the list to six studies for qualitative analysis.
Despite some animal studies suggesting a beneficial impact of chlorogenic acid-enriched decaffeinated coffee on blood glucose levels, the selected human studies did not indicate a significant effect among healthy individuals. While various mechanisms have been proposed to explain the lack of effect, further light was not shed on these mechanisms in this review.
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Consumption of apple cider vinegar significantly improves certain risk factors for cardiometabolic syndrome, notably fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, and total cholesterol.
2023 Current Medicinal Chemistry The Effects of Apple Cider Vinegar on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Clinical Trials Dadkhah Tehrani S, Keshani M, Rouhani MH, Moallem SA, Bagherniya M, Sahebkar A
Systematic Review Apple Cider Vinegar Blood Sugar Cholesterol
This study applied a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials found in PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science databases. In this process, trials evaluating the effects of apple cider vinegar consumption on cardiometabolic syndrome risk factors were sought. In total, 25 clinical trials were included in the study, these trials encompassed 1320 adult participants.
The consumed apple cider vinegar led to a general improvement in fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, and total cholesterol. However, for body mass index, insulin resistance, serum insulin, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, no significant results were observed. Conducting a subgroup analysis, the study identified a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, and triglycerides in diabetic patients. Further, it was observed that the apple cider vinegar significantly reduced fasting blood glucose levels regardless of the duration of administration and also decreased triglycerides concentration when consumed for 12 weeks or more.
Plums, which are rich in bioactive compounds, antioxidants, and vitamins, can help maintain blood glucose level, bone health, heart health and even treat certain cancers.
2023 International Journal of Food Properties A comprehensive review on the availability of bioactive compounds, phytochemicals, and antioxidant potential of plum ( Prunus Domestica ) Ayub H, Nadeem M, Mohsin M, Ambreen S, Khan F, Oranab S, et al.
Review Article Antioxidant Blood Sugar Bone Health
The research explored the health benefits and medicinal effects of plums, a common fruit belonging to the Prunus genus. The study focused not only on their consumption as a food source but also their uses in beverages. Special attention was given to the polyphenolic compounds, bioactive compounds, and antioxidants inherent in plums, such as phenolic acids, anthocyanins, carotenoids, and various organic acids, alongside an array of necessary minerals and vitamins.
Apart from detailing traditional nutritional components, the study analyzed the unique constituents of plums like caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid and other phenolic compounds which contribute to its antioxidant property. The broader health benefits provided by these compounds spanning bone health, cardiovascular health, blood glucose stabilization, and potential impacts on gastrointestinal diseases were studied, with a particular emphasis on their possible role in the prevention and treatment of heart disease and specific kinds of cancer: lung and oral. The role of plums' low fat and high dietary fibre content in heart disease prevention was of special focus.
Certain natural mineral waters, when combined with a low-calorie diet, effectively reduce cholesterol and glucose levels in mice with metabolic syndrome.
2022 Frontiers in Nutrition Natural Mineral Waters and Metabolic Syndrome: Insights From Obese Male and Female C57BL/6 Mice on Caloric Restriction Narciso L, Martinelli A, Torriani F, Frassanito P, Bernardini R, Chiarotti F, et al.
Animal Study Blood Sugar Cholesterol
The study involved 125 male and female C57BL/6 mice. Ten mice were kept as a healthy control group, fed a standard diet with tap water. The remaining 115 mice were fed a high-calorie diet (60% fat, 10% fructose in water) for four months to induce metabolic syndrome, followed by a two-month treatment phase with a low-calorie diet and various types of natural mineral water (NMW). The mice were divided into six treatment groups, each receiving a different NMW, and a control group receiving tap water. The study monitored body weight and blood biochemistry over six months.
After four months on a high-calorie diet, both male and female mice developed obesity, high cholesterol, and high blood sugar, with males showing greater increases. During the treatment phase, NMWs rich in sulphate, magnesium, bicarbonate, and minimally mineralized water, along with a low-calorie diet, significantly lowered total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and glucose levels. Sex differences were observed during both the induction and treatment phases. These findings indicate that specific NMWs, in conjunction with a low-calorie diet, may help manage blood lipid and glucose levels in metabolic syndrome, although further research is needed to confirm these results in humans.
Raspberry consumption can help to reduce blood glucose levels and stabilize the blood lipid profile due to its bioactive compounds.
2022 Journal of Medicinal Food Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.), a Promising Alternative in the Treatment of Hyperglycemia and Dyslipidemias Piña-Contreras N, Martínez-Moreno AG, Ramírez-Anaya JDP, Espinoza-Gallardo AC, Valdés EHM
Systematic Review Blood Sugar Raspberry Leaf
The researchers conducted a systematic review of original articles and enzyme inhibition studies involving animal models and human clinical studies, extracting data from the PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct databases. The mechanisms of action investigated focused on how consumption of raspberry in different forms (like frozen, lyophilized, infusion of leaves, seed oil) and compounds extracted from it could inhibit enzymes and increase insulin production and sensitivity, thereby affecting blood glucose levels.
The findings revealed that raspberry consumption, regardless of its form, consistently aided in reducing blood glucose levels. The mechanisms involved included inhibition of specific enzymes and enhancement of insulin production and sensitivity. On the other hand, the effects on the lipid profile were varied. While a decrease in cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels was recorded, the impact on triglyceride levels was less consistent and manifested mainly as stabilization rather than reduction. However, an increase in levels of beneficial high-density lipoproteins was reported, suggesting an overall beneficial effect on lipid profile.
The consumption of cocoa or dark chocolate can reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and fasting blood sugar levels in diabetic patients.
2021 Phytotherapy Research The effect of cocoa/dark chocolate consumption on lipid profile, glycemia, and blood pressure in diabetic patients: A meta‐analysis of observational studies Darand M, Hajizadeh Oghaz M, Hadi A, Atefi M, Amani R
Systematic Review Blood Sugar Cocoa Dark Chocolate
A systematic search of databases identified eight randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 433 participants for meta-analysis. The results demonstrated a substantial reduction in LDL-c levels (WMD: −15.49 mg/dl) and FBS concentrations (WMD: −6.88 mg/dl) following cocoa/dark chocolate consumption. The study emphasizes the potential positive effects of cocoa/dark chocolate on the metabolic profile of diabetic individuals.
The meta-analysis included RCTs focusing on cocoa/dark chocolate interventions in diabetic patients, with a significant pooled analysis showing reduced LDL-c and FBS levels. The findings suggest that incorporating cocoa/dark chocolate in the diet of diabetic individuals could be beneficial for managing lipid profile and glycemia. Further research is necessary to solidify these insights and understand the complete impact on metabolic health.
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