Insights & Discussion
Morinda citrifolia root extracts display significant antibacterial activity against various bacteria, with the highest impact against Campylobacter spp.
The study investigates the antibacterial properties of various forms of Morinda citrifolia (root, leaf, and fruit- fresh, dried, and fermented). These were extracted through distilled water and varied concentrations of ethanol(60%, 80%, 100%). The antibacterial assessments were conducted using the agar well diffusion method, utilizing Ciprofloxacin as a positive control. While all forms of the plant showed some degree of antibacterial performance, the root extracts were found to have the most significant influence.
The analysis of the results reveals a variance in antibacterial activity amongst the different extracts and the concentration of the solvents used. Among the solvents, the 100% ethanol extracts showed the most significant zones of inhibition. Certain bacteria, such as Enterococcus faecium, Campylobacter spp., and Bacillus cereus, were found to be more sensitive to the plant extracts. In contrast, Shigella spp. and Klebsiella spp. demonstrated resistance to most of the extracts. The study concludes a promising potential for antibacterial applications of M. citrifolia extracts.
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Noni fruit and its compounds demonstrate significant potential in cancer therapy by inducing apoptosis, arresting cell cycle, inhibiting angiogenesis, and modulating immune system.
2024 Phytotherapy Research Anticancer and chemopreventive potential of Morinda citrifolia L. bioactive compounds: A comprehensive update Kitic D, Miladinovic B, Randjelovic M, Szopa A, Seidel V, Prasher P, et al.
Systematic Review Anticancer Noni
In this study, a systematic review was put forth to scrutinize the therapeutic effectiveness of Morinda citrifolia L., commonly known as Noni, specifically looking into its effects on various forms of cancer. The review employed an extensive search of various scientific databases to gather relevant literature. This included both in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as clinical trials, specifically focusing on the outcomes of Noni fruit and its phytoconstituents - anthraquinones, flavonoids, sugar derivatives, and neolignans - on cancer. A carefully structured keyword and criteria search ensured a robust collection and analysis of data.
The plethora of studies compiled point out to Noni's complex role in cancer therapy, underlining its various bioactive elements and their methods of activity. Significant anticancer and chemopreventive potential of Noni was observed, establishing it as potentially a safe and effective option in cancer prevention and treatment.
Gold kiwifruit extracts contained different bioactive materials which showed selective cytotoxic activity against human oral tumor cells and displayed anti-HIV, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities.
2023 Journal of Ethnopharmacology Cancer prevention and therapy with kiwifruit in Chinese folklore medicine: a study of kiwifruit extracts Motohashi N, Shirataki Y, Kawase M, Tani S, Sakagami H, Satoh K, et al.
Network Pharmacology Antibacterial Antioxidant Kiwifruit
The methodology involved stepwise extraction of gold kiwifruit with hexane, acetone, methanol, and 70% methanol; the extracts were then fractionated using silica gel and ODS column chromatographies to examine their biological activities. Different fractions like H1, H2 (from the hexane extract), A1, A2 (from the acetone extract), and M2 (from the methanol extract) were tested, as well as more hydrophilic fractions from the 70% methanol extract.
In the discussion of the results, fractions H1, H2, A1, A2 and M2 displayed notable cytotoxic activity against human oral tumor cell lines, with these showing more sensitivity compared to human gingival fibroblasts. The hydrophilic fractions from the 70% methanol extract demonstrated higher anti-HIV activity, radical generation, and oxygen scavenging activity. However, the antibacterial activity of these fractions was generally lower than that of the more lipophilic (hexane, acetone, methanol) extracts, indicating no distinct antimicrobial action. Interestingly, all fractions were inactive against Helicobacter pylori.
Noni fruit juice enhances immune system function, primarily by boosting natural killer cell activity and increasing interferon-gamma production, which promotes phagocytosis.
2023 Journal of Biosciences and Medicines The Influence of Noni Fruit Juice on Immune System Function West BJ, Uwaya A, Isami F, Tomida N, Swartz F, Deng S, et al.
Review Article Antioxidant Immunity Noni
The research was conducted using several human, animal, and in vitro studies to gain insight into the immunomodulatory effects of noni fruit juice. They observed the impact on natural killer cell activity and monitored interferon-gamma production to assess improvements in immune function. Further investigation was carried out to identify how noni influences this process, with a focus on kinase 1/2, protein kinase B, and nuclear factor-kappa-beta signaling. In addition, they carried out trials to evaluate the antioxidant properties of noni juice.
The studies showed that noni juice significantly enhances the immune system's function. This was evidenced by an increase in natural killer cell activity, which likely contributes to improved health outcomes and survival times as seen in previous case reports. Furthermore, they saw an increase in interferon-gamma production, known to boost natural killer cell activity and phagocytosis. They also discovered that noni promotes regulatory cytokine expression, which supports immune response. Additionally, noni juice demonstrated considerable antioxidant properties, implying a positive effect on oxidative status, a key player in immune function.
Fresh raw wildflower honey, particularly at concentrations of 10–30%, exhibit comparable efficacy to manuka honey in inhibiting antibiotic-resistant "superbugs" implicated in wound infections, offering a potentially cost-effective alternative for wound care in the United States.
2022 Antibiotics Both Manuka and Non-Manuka Honey Types Inhibit Antibiotic Resistant Wound-Infecting Bacteria Hewett SR, Crabtrey SD, Dodson EE, Rieth CA, Tarkka RM, Naylor K
Network Pharmacology Antibacterial Antimicrobial Honey
Postoperative infections, a significant concern in US hospitals, often involve drug-resistant wound-infecting bacteria, contributing to life-threatening complications. Manuka honey, FDA-approved for wound treatment, has demonstrated antibacterial efficacy. This study sought alternative honey types for wound infections. Using a honey-plate method, it identified fresh raw Arkansas wildflower honeys as effective against antibiotic-resistant bacteria, mirroring manuka honey's inhibition. Concentrations of 10–30% honey proved effective against critical "superbugs," indicating potential cost-effective alternatives for wound care in the US, where manuka honey accessibility and antibiotic resistance are challenges.
The study presents a promising revelation: fresh raw Arkansas wildflower honeys, akin to manuka honey, exhibit substantial efficacy against antibiotic-resistant bacteria implicated in wound infections. The demonstrated effectiveness at concentrations of 10–30% suggests a feasible and cost-effective alternative for wound care in the US, addressing challenges associated with manuka honey availability and antibiotic resistance. These findings have the potential to reshape wound treatment practices, providing accessible and efficient solutions to combat infections caused by drug-resistant bacteria.
The underutilized pomegranate peel, full of abundant bioactive substances, could be repurposed for its potential health benefits like anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, cardiovascular protection, and antibacterial activities.
2022 Frontiers in Nutrition Pomegranate Peel as a Source of Bioactive Compounds: A Mini Review on Their Physiological Functions Mo Y, Ma J, Gao W, Zhang L, Li J, Li J, et al.
Review Article Anti-Inflammatory Antibacterial Anticancer
This paper conducts a miniature review of the characterization and physiological functions of the key bioactive compounds present in pomegranate peel. The exploration underscores the main phenolic compounds in the peel, illustrating substances such as tannins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, dietary fibers, alkaloids, minerals, and vitamins. A deep understanding of these components and their potential benefits is vital to the study and future applications.
The research finds that these core components essentially function as antioxidants, either enhancing oxidative biomarkers or proactively neutralizing reactive oxygen species. By establishing these key functions, it essentially links these activities to a broader context of benefits, including but not limited to anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, cardiovascular protection, and antibacterial attributes, thereby indicating a potential for substantial health benefits. With comprehensive understanding and appropriate application of these substances, the pomegranate peels, often classified as waste, could find a new life as robust health-enhancing elements.
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