Black Pepper

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Chinese Medicine Research Hub

Experimental Study

Black pepper and its major component, piperine, can effectively regulate anemia of inflammation by reducing the overexpression of hepcidin, a hormone that controls iron levels.

2021 Free Radical Biology and Medicine Black pepper prevents anemia of inflammation by inhibiting hepcidin over-expression through BMP6-SMAD1/ IL6-STAT3 signaling pathway
Banerjee S, Katiyar P, Kumar L, Kumar V, Saini SS, Krishnan V, Sircar D, Roy P

Chinese Medicine Research Hub

Review Article

Black pepper, particularly the piperine it contains, enhances the absorption of iron, potentially improving athletic performance in endurance sports.

2020 Nutrients Iron and Physical Activity: Bioavailability Enhancers, Properties of Black Pepper (Bioperine®) and Potential Applications
Fernández-Lázaro D, Mielgo-Ayuso J, Córdova Martínez A, Seco-Calvo J

Chinese Medicine Research Hub

Systematic Review

Black pepper, beyond its culinary use, offers medicinal benefits like antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory properties mainly attributed to the compound piperine.

2019 Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition A systematic review on black pepper (Piper nigrum L.): from folk uses to pharmacological applications
Takooree H, Aumeeruddy MZ, Rengasamy KRR, Venugopala KN, Jeewon R, Zengin G, Mahomoodally MF

Executive Summary

Write an executive summary in the form of a blog article on the topic of "Research into Chinese medicine treatment for Black Pepper" summarising the research below and using language that can be easily understood by patients and avoiding medical jargon using a professional and caring tone of voice.

Write an executive summary in the form of a blog article on the topic of "Researched Chinese medicine treatments for Black Pepper" summarising the research below in an objective and easy to understand way, and using language that can be easily understood by patients. Group the article into Chinese medicine treatments first, followed by nutrition and other treatments. Avoid using medical jargon and use a professional and caring tone of voice.

Write me a concise but easy to understand executive summary on the topic of "Chinese medicine treatments for Black Pepper" based on the following research that I will give you. Your summary should be 2 paragraphs long in Australian English spelling and include references to the studies.

A Experimental Study published in 2021 in the journal Free Radical Biology and Medicine found that Black pepper and its major component, piperine, can effectively regulate anemia of inflammation by reducing the overexpression of hepcidin, a hormone that controls iron levels. The study involves a two-tier investigation, first in vitro, and then in vivo. In the laboratory, different black pepper extracts were interacted with a human liver cell line known as HepG2, and the one derived from methanol (BPME) showed the most promising result because it reduced the transcription of the hepcidin gene significantly. In addition to BPME, piperine was proven to almost entirely suppress hepcidin protein expression at specific concentrations. In the subsequent in vivo experimentation, live mice were artificially induced with an elevated level of hepcidin through oil of turpentine injections. Then they were administered with BPME and piperine, the effects of which significantly reduced the enhanced hepcidin expression. The molecular interaction studies further suggest that piperine directly binds with SMAD1 and STAT3 proteins, the critical factors behind the overexpression of hepcidin. The study found a demonstrable downregulation in hepcidin expression with the use of both the methanol extract of black pepper and the bioactive alkaloid piperine. These substances also interacted with some proteins to lower the overexpression of hepcidin initiated by inflammation. Additionally, there was a noticeable increase in iron bioavailability in the liver of treated test animals, pointing to the potential of these compounds to rectify anemia of inflammation. The findings posited black pepper as a possible therapeutic option for managing this anemic condition.

A Review Article published in 2020 in the journal Nutrients found that Black pepper, particularly the piperine it contains, enhances the absorption of iron, potentially improving athletic performance in endurance sports. This study examined the joint administration of Iron (Fe) and black pepper, more specifically its alkaloid piperine, to physically active healthy individuals. Iron is an important micronutrient that aids performance in endurance sports by enhancing the physiological functions related to the transport, storage, and utilization of oxygen. The frequent physical stress and high metabolism experienced by athletes can lead to iron depletion, with possible consequences including reduced aerobic capacity, strength, and slower muscle recovery. While the recommended daily allowance (RDA) of iron is usually fulfilled through diet, absorption rates vary and may be insufficient for some individuals. The combination of piperine and iron supplementation was investigated as a potential strategy to address iron deficiencies, especially among athletes who may experience adverse effects from high-dose iron supplements, such as gastrointestinal disturbances. The concept underlying this study was that piperine, known for its bioavailability enhancement properties, may improve the absorption of iron, thereby reducing side effects and improving treatment adherence. The results, derived from three research studies, revealed that the combined usage of iron with black pepper led to observed improvements in parameters related to iron metabolism without causing any adverse effects. By potentially boosting the efficiency of iron absorption, co-administration may offer a promising development in oral iron supplementation practices, particularly for individuals with greater physical activity.

A Systematic Review published in 2019 in the journal Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition found that Black pepper, beyond its culinary use, offers medicinal benefits like antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory properties mainly attributed to the compound piperine. The study was a systematic review of existing scientific data on the traditional uses, composition, and pharmacological attributes of black pepper. Information was gathered from recognized databases such as Science Direct and Google Scholar, as well as books and other online resources. The study primarily focused on literature in English and evaluated traditional medicinal uses of black pepper in various regions, the common ailments it was used to address, and the preferred modes of preparation. The results of the study affirm the significant medicinal qualities of black pepper. Its antimicrobial activity was demonstrated against various pathogens, and it showed strong antioxidant effects against several reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. The research also highlighted the anticancer effects of black pepper on cell lines from various sites including breast, colon, cervix, and prostate. Furthermore, the benefits of black pepper in managing diabetes and lipid levels in the body were also confirmed. It was also noted for its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anticonvulsant, and neuroprotective effects. Piperine was identified as the major bioactive compound in black pepper which is responsible for these beneficial effects along with other compounds such as piperic acid, piperlonguminine, and more.

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