Apple

Presentation Slides

Chinese Medicine Research Hub

Systematic Review

Consumption of apple cider vinegar significantly improves certain risk factors for cardiometabolic syndrome, notably fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, and total cholesterol.

2023 Current Medicinal Chemistry The Effects of Apple Cider Vinegar on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Clinical Trials
Dadkhah Tehrani S, Keshani M, Rouhani MH, Moallem SA, Bagherniya M, Sahebkar A

Chinese Medicine Research Hub

Review Article

Eating apples and apple products can enhance health by protecting the cardiovascular system, combating cancer and cognitive impairment, and improving hair growth, among other beneficial effects.

2023 Food Science & Nutrition Does an apple a day keep away diseases? Evidence and mechanism of action
Zhang Y, Zeng M, Zhang X, Yu Q, Zeng W, Yu B, Gan J, Zhang S, Jiang X

Chinese Medicine Research Hub

Bananas and plantains contain compounds with anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidative properties that hold promise for potentially reversing neurological disorders.

2022 Foods Suitability of Banana and Plantain Fruits in Modulating Neurodegenerative Diseases: Implicating the In Vitro and In Vivo Evidence from Neuroactive Narratives of Constituent Biomolecules
Oyeyinka BO, Afolayan AJ

Chinese Medicine Research Hub

Review Article

Apple juice consumed in moderation has been found to positively impact markers of cardiovascular health, potentially influencing risk of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.

2022 Nutrients Health Benefits of Apple Juice Consumption: A Review of Interventional Trials on Humans
Vallée Marcotte B, Verheyde M, Pomerleau S, Doyen A, Couillard C

Chinese Medicine Research Hub

Systematic Review

Apple cider vinegar intake can significantly decrease total cholesterol and fasting plasma glucose levels contributing to better cardiovascular health among adults.

2021 BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies The effect of apple cider vinegar on lipid profiles and glycemic parameters: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Hadi A, Pourmasoumi M, Najafgholizadeh A, Clark CCT, Esmaillzadeh A

Chinese Medicine Research Hub

Systematic Review

Apple vinegar consumption has potential health benefits, including weight loss and lower blood glucose levels, with seemingly insignificant side effects.

2020 European Journal of Nutrition Safety and side effects of apple vinegar intake and its effect on metabolic parameters and body weight: a systematic review
Launholt TL, Kristiansen CB, Hjorth P

Chinese Medicine Research Hub

Systematic Review

Eating apples appears to be linked to a reduced risk of cancer in various parts of the body.

2016 Public Health Nutrition Apple intake and cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Fabiani R, Minelli L, Rosignoli P

Chinese Medicine Research Hub

Randomised Controlled Trial

Dried plum consumption enhances bone mineral density in postmenopausal women, primarily by reducing the rate of bone turnover.

2011 British Journal of Nutrition Comparative effects of dried plum and dried apple on bone in postmenopausal women
Hooshmand S, Chai SC, Saadat RL, Payton ME, Brummel-Smith K, Arjmandi BH

Executive Summary

Write an executive summary in the form of a blog article on the topic of "Research into Chinese medicine treatment for Apple" summarising the research below and using language that can be easily understood by patients and avoiding medical jargon using a professional and caring tone of voice.

Write an executive summary in the form of a blog article on the topic of "Researched Chinese medicine treatments for Apple" summarising the research below in an objective and easy to understand way, and using language that can be easily understood by patients. Group the article into Chinese medicine treatments first, followed by nutrition and other treatments. Avoid using medical jargon and use a professional and caring tone of voice.

Write me a concise but easy to understand executive summary on the topic of "Chinese medicine treatments for Apple" based on the following research that I will give you. Your summary should be 2 paragraphs long in Australian English spelling and include references to the studies.

A Systematic Review published in 2023 in the journal Current Medicinal Chemistry found that Consumption of apple cider vinegar significantly improves certain risk factors for cardiometabolic syndrome, notably fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, and total cholesterol. This study applied a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials found in PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science databases. In this process, trials evaluating the effects of apple cider vinegar consumption on cardiometabolic syndrome risk factors were sought. In total, 25 clinical trials were included in the study, these trials encompassed 1320 adult participants. The consumed apple cider vinegar led to a general improvement in fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, and total cholesterol. However, for body mass index, insulin resistance, serum insulin, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, no significant results were observed. Conducting a subgroup analysis, the study identified a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, and triglycerides in diabetic patients. Further, it was observed that the apple cider vinegar significantly reduced fasting blood glucose levels regardless of the duration of administration and also decreased triglycerides concentration when consumed for 12 weeks or more.

A Review Article published in 2023 in the journal Food Science & Nutrition found that Eating apples and apple products can enhance health by protecting the cardiovascular system, combating cancer and cognitive impairment, and improving hair growth, among other beneficial effects. The study took a comprehensive approach to evaluate the health benefits of apples and apple products by conducting a literature review of relevant clinical, epidemiological, in vitro, and in vivo studies. It involved an exhaustive search of the PubMed database for a ten-year period, sourcing studies that reported on the effects of different apple products: juices, purees, pomaces, dried apples, and extracts rich in apple bioactives. The findings indicate that the consumption of apples and their derivations contributes to multiple aspects of human health. These products exhibited a range of protective effects against diseases such as cardiovascular conditions and cancer. Moreover, they were associated with enhanced cognitive function, facilitated hair growth, the healing of burn wounds, and improved oral health. The use of apples and apple-based products also helped to reduce UV-induced skin pigmentation, alleviated the symptoms of atopic dermatitis and cedar hay fever, and even prevented skin flushing caused by niacin. The beneficial impacts of apple consumption can be attributed to a variety of mechanisms including, but not limited to, vascular endothelial protection, blood lipid regulation, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, as well as anti-invasion and antimetastatic tendencies. These results provide a significant reference point for various fields, including medicine and nutrition, contributing to their development and application.

A published in 2022 in the journal Foods found that Bananas and plantains contain compounds with anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidative properties that hold promise for potentially reversing neurological disorders. The methodology of the study revolved around scrutinizing the bioactive properties found in bananas and plantains. Researchers pinpointed various neuroprotective mechanisms within commonly consumed fruits, specifically bananas and plantains. The study examined protein expression regulation and targeted specific gene pathways, including nuclear and tumor necrosis factors, extracellular signal-regulated and mitogen-activated protein kinases, activator protein-1, and the glial fibrillary acidic protein. In their investigations, they also considered the underutilized peel components of these fruits. The results suggest that the multitude of bioactive compounds found in both the pulp and peels of bananas and plantains perform a variety of beneficial neuroprotective activities. These range from acting as antioxidants, preventing cell death (anti-apoptotic), and reducing inflammation (anti-inflammatory), to directly influencing the functionality of the nervous system (neuromodulatory). This discovery implicates plant-based foods, specifically bananas and plantains, as potentially significant substances in combating, halting, or mitigating the pathological mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative disorders.

A Review Article published in 2022 in the journal Nutrients found that Apple juice consumed in moderation has been found to positively impact markers of cardiovascular health, potentially influencing risk of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. The methodology of this review involved examining 67 studies focused on the health implications of apple juice consumption, with special attention given to 20 interventional studies conducted on humans. The bulk of the examined studies looked at potential effects relating to oxidative stress markers, with some also looking at effects on inflammatory markers, lipid profile, and diabetes markers. The analysis of the results highlighted a noticeable association between the consumption of cloudy apple juice and markers revealing good cardiovascular health. The positive effects were especially significant in relation to oxidative stress. In addition, apple juice also exhibited beneficial influence on other health indicators like inflammation, lipid profile, and diabetes.

A Systematic Review published in 2021 in the journal BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies found that Apple cider vinegar intake can significantly decrease total cholesterol and fasting plasma glucose levels contributing to better cardiovascular health among adults. The research process involved a thorough examination of electronic databases such as Medline, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Knowledge, from their creation until January 2020. The goal was to discover any clinical trial that explored the influence of apple cider vinegar (ACV) on lipid profiles and glycemic indicators. Studies where ACV was combined with other interventions or where the intervention duration was less than two weeks were excluded. To manage the differences between studies, a random-effects model was applied during the meta-analysis process comprising nine studies, including ten study arms. ACV use demonstrated a remarkable decrease in total cholesterol and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels. However, there wasn't a noticeable impact observed on LDL-C, HDL-C, fasting insulin concentrations, or HOMA-IR serum levels. When analyzed further, it was found that a reduction in serum TC and TG occurred in a patient subgroup with type 2 diabetes, those who consumed less than or equal 15 mL/day of ACV, and those who consumed it for over 8-weeks. Consequently, a significant decrease in FPG levels was found in studies where participants consumed ACV for more than 8 weeks. Interestingly, FPG and HDL-C levels appeared to increase in participants who were otherwise healthy.

A Systematic Review published in 2020 in the journal European Journal of Nutrition found that Apple vinegar consumption has potential health benefits, including weight loss and lower blood glucose levels, with seemingly insignificant side effects. The researchers performed a systematic search of multiple databases such as PubMed, PsycInfo, CINAHL, and Embase to locate relevant articles about the effects and side effects of consuming apple vinegar on metabolic parameters and body weight. They assessed papers that had both primary outcomes (glycated hemoglobin, postprandial glucose, and other terms for blood glucose) and secondary outcomes (waist circumference, visceral fat, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and total cholesterol), including studies performed on both humans and animals. Each included human study was evaluated for risk bias using a version of the Cochrane Collaboration's tool. Out of the 487 papers identified, 13 human studies and 12 animal studies were included. The results indicate that consuming apple vinegar may have beneficial health effects, and the side effects appear to be of little concern when ingested in recommended quantities and manners.

A Systematic Review published in 2016 in the journal Public Health Nutrition found that Eating apples appears to be linked to a reduced risk of cancer in various parts of the body. The method applied in this research involved identifying relevant observational studies through a literature search of databases such as PubMed, Web of Science and Embase. Then, a random-effect model was utilized to estimate the cancer risk in different anatomical sites. Moreover, tests were conducted to assess between-study heterogeneity and publication bias. In the discussion of results, forty-one studies were considered, including varied cancer types and sources. A significant reduction of lung cancer risk was observed in relation to high apple consumption in both case-control and cohort studies. However, in the cases of colorectal, breast, and overall digestive tract cancers, significant preventative effect of apples was only found in case-control studies, while prospective studies suggested no effect. There was no evidence of publication bias for colorectal, oral cavity, oesophageal and breast cancer, but the presence of some potential confounding effects related to consumption of other fruits has been recognized.

A Randomised Controlled Trial published in 2011 in the journal British Journal of Nutrition found that Dried plum consumption enhances bone mineral density in postmenopausal women, primarily by reducing the rate of bone turnover. The research studied 160 osteopenic postmenopausal women from 1 to 10 years postmenopause, who were not receiving any hormone replacement therapy or medication affecting bone metabolism. Participants were randomly divided into two treatment groups, one consuming dried plums and the other eating dried apples, with both groups also receiving daily dosages of calcium and vitamin D. Bone mineral density was measured at the beginning and end of the study using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Blood samples were taken at the start, then every 3 months to evaluate bone biomarkers. Physical activity and dietary factors were monitored as potential covariates throughout the study. Dried plums significantly boosted the bone mineral density in the ulna (one of the two bones in the forearm) and spine compared to dried apples. This tendency could only be seen in dried plums - they drastically reduced serum levels of bone turnover markers, specifically bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b. This confirms that dried plums can indeed improve the bone mineral density in postmenopausal women, in part by suppressing the rate of bone turnover.

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