Menstrual Cycle
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Research Articles
Published research studies are articles that present the findings of original research that has undergone a peer-review process and has been made publicly available in scholarly journals, books or other media.
Resting energy metabolism and sweet taste preference during the menstrual cycle in healthy women
2023 Aug 29 British Journal of Nutrition Malo-Vintimilla L, Aguirre C, Vergara A, Fernández-Verdejo R, Galgani JE
During the follicular phase (FP), resting metabolic rate (RMR) was lower, respiratory quotient (RQ) showed borderline higher values, sweet taste preference was lower, and serum FGF21 concentration was higher compared to the luteal phase (LP), indicating associations between the menstrual cycle and changes in energy expenditure, sweet taste preference, and oxidative fuel partitioning.
Experimental Study Clinical Study
Sexual behavior frequency and menstrual cycle length in mature premenopausal women
2023 Apr 2 Psychoneuroendocrinology Cutler WB, Garcia CR, Krieger AM
Randomised Controlled Trial Menstrual Cycle
Manufacture and Evaluation of Novel Chocolate for Girls' Dysmenorrhea
2023 Mar 01 Journal of Food and Dairy Sciences Shalaby, A, Moawad O, Mostafa M
Randomised Controlled Trial Iron Field Mint Cinnamon Dark ChocolateCinnamon, ginger, and mint enhanced chocolates effectively reduce menstrual pain and improve blood iron levels without increasing body weight or negatively affecting cholesterol.
Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and fecundability
2022 Feb 11 Human Reproduction Stanhiser J, Jukic AMZ, McConnaughey DR, Steiner AZ
Cohort StudySelf-reported use of omega-3 supplements is associated with a higher probability of natural conception in women aged 30-44 without a history of infertility.
The effect of Matricaria chamomile on menstrual related mood disorders
2021 Oct European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology: X Najafi Mollabashi E, Ziaie T, Bostani Khalesi Z
Randomised Controlled TrialChamomile capsules prove effective in reducing emotional symptoms related to menstrual cycles.
Research Insights
Insights are moderated by the Research Hub team and offer an at-a-glance overview of interesting research findings.
Cinnamon, ginger, and mint enhanced chocolates effectively reduce menstrual pain and improve blood iron levels without increasing body weight or negatively affecting cholesterol.
2023 Journal of Food and Dairy Sciences Manufacture and Evaluation of Novel Chocolate for Girls' Dysmenorrhea Shalaby, A, Moawad O, Mostafa M
Randomised Controlled Trial Cinnamon Dark Chocolate Field Mint
The methodology of the study involved a sample of 48 female student volunteers, aged 18-25, from Mansoura University who were experiencing dysmenorrhea. These volunteers were divided into eight groups of six and each group was given a different type of chocolate: regular chocolate, chocolate without herbal powder, chocolate with cinnamon powder, chocolate with cinnamon oil, chocolate with ginger powder, chocolate with ginger oil, chocolate with mint powder, and chocolate with mint oil.
Discussion of the results demonstrated that the consumption of chocolates supplemented with cinnamon, ginger, and mint powders and their respective essential oils led to a significant improvement in participants' hemoglobin scores compared to a control group which consumed normal chocolate. Furthermore, it was found that these chocolates had a positive influence on serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein scores. Importantly, chocolate consumption did not lead to an increase in the participants' body mass index, proving that these chocolate variants could reduce menstrual pain and lift blood iron levels without instigating weight gain or having adverse effects on cholesterol levels.
Self-reported use of omega-3 supplements is associated with a higher probability of natural conception in women aged 30-44 without a history of infertility.
2022 Human Reproduction Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation and fecundability Stanhiser J, Jukic AMZ, McConnaughey DR, Steiner AZ
Cohort Study
The study conducted a secondary data analysis of a prospective time to pregnancy cohort study, known as Time to Conceive (TTC), from 2008 to December 2015 focusing on 900 women aged 30-44 years who were trying to conceive for less than 3 months without any history of infertility. While they attempted to conceive, they were required to record daily, any menstrual cycle events and their intake of any supplements or medication using a database. Those supplements and vitamins that contained omega-3 were identified. The analysis determined the use of omega-3, defined as its consumption on at least 20% of days during a known menstrual cycle, in each cycle of their pregnancy attempts.
From the analysis, it was noted that women who took omega-3 supplements tended to be younger, leaner, have not been pregnant before, racially white, and more likely to take vitamin D, prenatal and multivitamins compared to women not taking omega-3s. The study adopted a model to adjust for these factors, allowing for an evaluation of the impact of omega-3 supplementation on fertility independent of these characteristics. After all these adjustments, it was found that women taking omega-3 supplements had a higher chance of conceiving compared to those not taking omega-3s.
Chamomile capsules prove effective in reducing emotional symptoms related to menstrual cycles.
2021 European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology: X The effect of Matricaria chamomile on menstrual related mood disorders Najafi Mollabashi E, Ziaie T, Bostani Khalesi Z
Randomised Controlled Trial
In the methodology of this clinical trial, 118 Guilan University students were split into two groups – one receiving chamomile capsules, the other a placebo – with each participant taking one capsule every eight hours for seven days before menstruation. The Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool was used to gather data.
The assessment of the results reveals that the group of students who consumed the chamomile capsules observed a more noteworthy decrease in menstrual-related mood disorders when compared to the placebo group. Moreover, even after controlling for other variables, there was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of changes in mood symptom severity.
Acupuncture could promote the recovery of menstrual cycles as well as downregulate the levels of LH and testosterone in patients with PCOS.
2020 Medicine Effectiveness of acupuncture in polycystic ovary syndrome Wu J, Chen D, Liu N
Systematic Review
Twenty two studies with 2315 participants were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. A pooled analysis showed a recovery of the menstrual period in the acupuncture group. Furthermore, there were significant decreases in the luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone in the acupuncture group. No significant differences were observed in the rates of live birth, pregnancy, and ovulation, and no significant differences were observed in the LH/follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) ratio.
There was insufficient evidence to support that acupuncture could promote live birth, pregnancy, and ovulation. However, acupuncture could promote the recovery of menstrual cycles as well as downregulate the levels of LH and testosterone in patients with PCOS.
Chamomile capsules can decrease the amount of menstrual bleeding and thus, can offer remedy for women suffering from heavy periods.
2020 Journal of Pharmacopuncture Do Chamomile effect on duration, amount of bleeding, and interval of menstrual cycles? Mollabashi EN, Ziaie T, Bekhradi R, Khalesi ZB
Randomised Controlled Trial
The study was conducted as a randomized, double-blind, clinical trial with 118 female students from Guilan University of Medical Sciences. Participants were split into two groups of 59, with one group receiving chamomile capsules 250 mg thrice a day, and the other a placebo. Treatment was started seven days before menstruation and continued until the next menstrual onset. The Higham chart, a pictorial tool that assesses blood loss, was used to quantify the amount and duration of menstrual bleeding.
The study found that on average, the quantity of menstrual bleeding was reduced in the group that took the chamomile capsules. However, there was no significant difference observed in the duration and interval between bleeding in both groups, indicating that while chamomile may decrease the amount of blood loss, it has no effect on the timing of menstrual cycles. These results establish chamomile as a potential treatment for reducing heavy menstrual bleeding.
Review Articles
Review articles summarise and critically evaluate the current state of research on a specific topic or field by synthesising multiple primary research studies.
Effectiveness of acupuncture in polycystic ovary syndrome
2020 May 29 Medicine Wu J, Chen D, Liu N
Systematic Review Meta-AnalysisAcupuncture could promote the recovery of menstrual cycles as well as downregulate the levels of LH and testosterone in patients with PCOS.
Menstrual Cycle Variability and the Likelihood of Achieving Pregnancy
2010 Jan Reviews on Environmental Health Small CM, Manatunga AK, Klein M, Dominguez CE, Feigelson HS, McChesney R, et al.
Researchers and clinicians using menstrual cycle characteristics as indicators of endocrine or reproductive health should include measures of cycle variability in addition to the more commonly examined cycle length.
Review Article Menstrual Cycle Variability Female Fertility Menstrual CycleClinical Trials
Clinical trials are research studies that involve people and are conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of new treatments or interventions, such as drugs, medical devices, or behavioural therapies.
Sexual behavior frequency and menstrual cycle length in mature premenopausal women
2023 Apr 2 Psychoneuroendocrinology Cutler WB, Garcia CR, Krieger AM
Randomised Controlled Trial Menstrual CyclePublished date was 1979 April 2nd —Adrian Y 30 Jun 2023
Manufacture and Evaluation of Novel Chocolate for Girls' Dysmenorrhea
2023 Mar 01 Journal of Food and Dairy Sciences Shalaby, A, Moawad O, Mostafa M
Randomised Controlled Trial Iron Field Mint Cinnamon Dark ChocolateCinnamon, ginger, and mint enhanced chocolates effectively reduce menstrual pain and improve blood iron levels without increasing body weight or negatively affecting cholesterol.
The effect of Matricaria chamomile on menstrual related mood disorders
2021 Oct European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology: X Najafi Mollabashi E, Ziaie T, Bostani Khalesi Z
Randomised Controlled TrialChamomile capsules prove effective in reducing emotional symptoms related to menstrual cycles.
Do Chamomile effect on duration, amount of bleeding, and interval of menstrual cycles?
2020 Mar 31 Journal of Pharmacopuncture Mollabashi EN, Ziaie T, Bekhradi R, Khalesi ZB
Randomised Controlled TrialChamomile capsules can decrease the amount of menstrual bleeding and thus, can offer remedy for women suffering from heavy periods.
Presentation Slides
Cinnamon, ginger, and mint enhanced chocolates effectively reduce menstrual pain and improve blood iron levels without increasing body weight or negatively affecting cholesterol.
Self-reported use of omega-3 supplements is associated with a higher probability of natural conception in women aged 30-44 without a history of infertility.
Chamomile capsules prove effective in reducing emotional symptoms related to menstrual cycles.
Acupuncture could promote the recovery of menstrual cycles as well as downregulate the levels of LH and testosterone in patients with PCOS.
Chamomile capsules can decrease the amount of menstrual bleeding and thus, can offer remedy for women suffering from heavy periods.
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Published date was 1979 April 2nd —Adrian Y 30 Jun 2023