Intermittent Fasting
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Published research studies are articles that present the findings of original research that has undergone a peer-review process and has been made publicly available in scholarly journals, books or other media.

Circadian alignment of food intake and glycaemic control by time-restricted eating: A systematic review and meta-analysis
2023 Nov 22 Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders Rovira-Llopis S, Luna-Marco C, Perea-Galera L, Bañuls C, Morillas C, Victor VM
Time-restricted eating (TRE) demonstrated no significant effect on fasting glucose overall, but it did reduce HbA1c levels and fasting insulin, with a tendency to decrease HOMA-IR. The timing of food intake was identified as a crucial factor, with early TRE (eTRE) significantly reducing fasting glucose levels in subjects with overweight or obesity.
Systematic Review Meta-Analysis Intermittent Fasting Circadian Rhythm Blood Sugar Glycaemic Control
Intermittent fasting: A promising dietary intervention for autoimmune diseases
2023 Oct Autoimmunity Reviews Barati M, Ghahremani A, Namdar Ahmadabad H
Systematic Review Intermittent Fasting Type 1 Diabetes Autoimmune Diseases Rheumatoid ArthritisIntermittent fasting may potentially influence autoimmune diseases like type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis, by reducing inflammation and supporting cellular repair mechanisms.

The Effectiveness of Intermittent Fasting, Time Restricted Feeding, Caloric Restriction, a Ketogenic Diet and the Mediterranean Diet as Part of the Treatment Plan to Improve Health and Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: A Systematic Review
2022 May 30 International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Cuevas-Cervera M, Perez-Montilla J, Gonzalez-Muñoz A, Garcia-Rios M, Navarro-Ledesma S
Systematic Review Pain Caloric Restriction Mediterranean Diet Ketogenic Diet Intermittent Fasting Rheumatoid ArthritisDietary strategies, such as caloric restriction and ketogenic diets, can alleviate chronic pain and enhance quality of life.

POS0583 RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS BENEFITS FROM FASTING AND PLANT-BASED DIET: AN EXPLORATORY RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (NUTRIFAST)
2022 May 23 Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases Hartmann AM, Kandil FI, Steckhan N, Häupl T, Kessler CS, Michalsen A, et al.
Randomised Controlled Trial Plant-Based Diet Intermittent Fasting Rheumatoid ArthritisFasting followed by a plant-based diet positively impacts disease activity and cardiovascular risk factors in rheumatoid arthritis patients.
Sustainable positive effects of Ramadan intermittent fasting in rheumatoid arthritis
2021 Sep 10 Clinical Rheumatology Ben Nessib D, Maatallah K, Ferjani H, Triki W, Kaffel D, Hamdi W
Cohort Study Intermittent Fasting Rheumatoid ArthritisIntermittent fasting during Ramadan can lead to rapid improvement of rheumatoid arthritis activity, with positive effects lasting up to three months.
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2023 Autoimmunity Reviews
Intermittent fasting may potentially influence autoimmune diseases like type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis, by reducing inflammation and supporting cellular repair mechanisms.
Systematic Review Autoimmune Diseases Rheumatoid Arthritis Type 1 Diabetes
Intermittent fasting: A promising dietary intervention for autoimmune diseases
Barati M, Ghahremani A, Namdar Ahmadabad H

2022 International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
Dietary strategies, such as caloric restriction and ketogenic diets, can alleviate chronic pain and enhance quality of life.
Systematic Review Caloric Restriction Ketogenic Diet Mediterranean Diet Pain Rheumatoid Arthritis
The Effectiveness of Intermittent Fasting, Time Restricted Feeding, Caloric Restriction, a Ketogenic Diet and the Mediterranean Diet as Part of the Treatment Plan to Improve Health and Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: A Systematic Review
Cuevas-Cervera M, Perez-Montilla J, Gonzalez-Muñoz A, Garcia-Rios M, Navarro-Ledesma S

2022 Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases
Fasting followed by a plant-based diet positively impacts disease activity and cardiovascular risk factors in rheumatoid arthritis patients.
Randomised Controlled Trial Plant-Based Diet Rheumatoid Arthritis
POS0583 RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS BENEFITS FROM FASTING AND PLANT-BASED DIET: AN EXPLORATORY RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (NUTRIFAST)
Hartmann AM, Kandil FI, Steckhan N, Häupl T, Kessler CS, Michalsen A, et al.
2021 Clinical Rheumatology
Intermittent fasting during Ramadan can lead to rapid improvement of rheumatoid arthritis activity, with positive effects lasting up to three months.
Cohort Study Rheumatoid Arthritis
Sustainable positive effects of Ramadan intermittent fasting in rheumatoid arthritis
Ben Nessib D, Maatallah K, Ferjani H, Triki W, Kaffel D, Hamdi W

2020 Nutrition
Intermittent fasting and energy-restricted diets may decrease inflammatory markers, especially in overweight and obese individuals, but have no impact on the levels of certain proteins involved in inflammation.
Meta-Analysis Inflammation
Effects of intermittent fasting diets on plasma concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Wang X, Yang Q, Liao Q, Li M, Zhang P, Santos HO, et al.
Review Articles
Review articles summarise and critically evaluate the current state of research on a specific topic or field by synthesising multiple primary research studies.

Circadian alignment of food intake and glycaemic control by time-restricted eating: A systematic review and meta-analysis
2023 Nov 22 Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders Rovira-Llopis S, Luna-Marco C, Perea-Galera L, Bañuls C, Morillas C, Victor VM
Time-restricted eating (TRE) demonstrated no significant effect on fasting glucose overall, but it did reduce HbA1c levels and fasting insulin, with a tendency to decrease HOMA-IR. The timing of food intake was identified as a crucial factor, with early TRE (eTRE) significantly reducing fasting glucose levels in subjects with overweight or obesity.
Systematic Review Meta-Analysis Intermittent Fasting Circadian Rhythm Blood Sugar Glycaemic Control
Intermittent fasting: A promising dietary intervention for autoimmune diseases
2023 Oct Autoimmunity Reviews Barati M, Ghahremani A, Namdar Ahmadabad H
Systematic Review Intermittent Fasting Type 1 Diabetes Autoimmune Diseases Rheumatoid ArthritisIntermittent fasting may potentially influence autoimmune diseases like type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis, by reducing inflammation and supporting cellular repair mechanisms.

The Effectiveness of Intermittent Fasting, Time Restricted Feeding, Caloric Restriction, a Ketogenic Diet and the Mediterranean Diet as Part of the Treatment Plan to Improve Health and Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: A Systematic Review
2022 May 30 International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Cuevas-Cervera M, Perez-Montilla J, Gonzalez-Muñoz A, Garcia-Rios M, Navarro-Ledesma S
Systematic Review Pain Caloric Restriction Mediterranean Diet Ketogenic Diet Intermittent Fasting Rheumatoid ArthritisDietary strategies, such as caloric restriction and ketogenic diets, can alleviate chronic pain and enhance quality of life.

Effects of intermittent fasting diets on plasma concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
2020 Nov Nutrition Wang X, Yang Q, Liao Q, Li M, Zhang P, Santos HO, et al.
Meta-Analysis Systematic Review Inflammation Intermittent FastingIntermittent fasting and energy-restricted diets may decrease inflammatory markers, especially in overweight and obese individuals, but have no impact on the levels of certain proteins involved in inflammation.
Clinical Trials
Clinical trials are research studies that involve people and are conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of new treatments or interventions, such as drugs, medical devices, or behavioural therapies.
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Presentation Slides

Systematic Review
Intermittent fasting may potentially influence autoimmune diseases like type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis, by reducing inflammation and supporting cellular repair mechanisms.
Barati M, Ghahremani A, Namdar Ahmadabad H

Systematic Review
Dietary strategies, such as caloric restriction and ketogenic diets, can alleviate chronic pain and enhance quality of life.
Cuevas-Cervera M, Perez-Montilla J, Gonzalez-Muñoz A, Garcia-Rios M, Navarro-Ledesma S

Randomised Controlled Trial
Fasting followed by a plant-based diet positively impacts disease activity and cardiovascular risk factors in rheumatoid arthritis patients.
Hartmann AM, Kandil FI, Steckhan N, Häupl T, Kessler CS, Michalsen A, Koppold-Liebscher DA

Cohort Study
Intermittent fasting during Ramadan can lead to rapid improvement of rheumatoid arthritis activity, with positive effects lasting up to three months.
Ben Nessib D, Maatallah K, Ferjani H, Triki W, Kaffel D, Hamdi W

Meta-Analysis
Intermittent fasting and energy-restricted diets may decrease inflammatory markers, especially in overweight and obese individuals, but have no impact on the levels of certain proteins involved in inflammation.
Wang X, Yang Q, Liao Q, Li M, Zhang P, Santos HO, Kord-Varkaneh H, Abshirini M

Cohort Study
Ramadan fasting can induce rapid improvement in rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis activity without significantly affecting medication compliance or tolerance.
Ben Nessib D, Maatallah K, Ferjani H, Kaffel D, Hamdi W
Executive Summary
Write an executive summary in the form of a blog article on the topic of "Research into Chinese medicine treatment for Intermittent Fasting" summarising the research below and using language that can be easily understood by patients and avoiding medical jargon using a professional and caring tone of voice.
Write an executive summary in the form of a blog article on the topic of "Researched Chinese medicine treatments for Intermittent Fasting" summarising the research below in an objective and easy to understand way, and using language that can be easily understood by patients. Group the article into Chinese medicine treatments first, followed by nutrition and other treatments. Avoid using medical jargon and use a professional and caring tone of voice.
Write me a concise but easy to understand executive summary on the topic of "Chinese medicine treatments for Intermittent Fasting" based on the following research that I will give you. Your summary should be 2 paragraphs long in Australian English spelling and include references to the studies.
A Systematic Review published in 2023 in the journal Autoimmunity Reviews found that Intermittent fasting may potentially influence autoimmune diseases like type 1 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis, by reducing inflammation and supporting cellular repair mechanisms. Extensive research was done through several electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science. Rigorous inclusion criteria were applied to filter the most relevant studies on the effects of intermittent fasting on autoimmune diseases. No reference to further research trials was mentioned in the methodology. The results indicate a potential link between intermittent fasting and the management of certain autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune diseases like type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus exhibited improvements owing to the reduction in inflammatory markers, improvement in gut microbiota, and enhanced cellular repair resulting from autophagy induced by intermittent fasting. However, results concerning other autoimmune diseases like multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, thyroid diseases, and psoriasis were inconclusive.
A Systematic Review published in 2022 in the journal International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health found that Dietary strategies, such as caloric restriction and ketogenic diets, can alleviate chronic pain and enhance quality of life. This systematic review selected 16 articles from various databases including PubMed, Web of Sciences, ProQuest, and Scopus that were published within the last 6 years. These consisted of randomized clinical trials (RCTs), observational studies, and systematic reviews evaluating the effectiveness of different dietary strategies in the treatment of chronic pain. A range of assessment scales—PEDro, PVI, QUALSYT and the Quality Assessment Tool of Systematic Reviews scale— were utilized to gauge the risk of bias in these studies. The findings indicate an inconclusive consensus on the impact of an intermittent fasting (IF) diet on pain improvement. However, a caloric restriction diet emerged as a potential long-term treatment option for pain. Additionally, time-restricted food and ketogenic diets showed promising results in improving life quality in chronic conditions. Despite some studies indicating opposite results, the majority of the selected articles exhibited good methodological quality on their respective assessment scales.
A Randomised Controlled Trial published in 2022 in the journal Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases found that Fasting followed by a plant-based diet positively impacts disease activity and cardiovascular risk factors in rheumatoid arthritis patients. In the pilot study, patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were split into two groups: one underwent a 7-day fast (consuming no more than 250 calories per day), followed by 11 weeks of a plant-based diet; the other was provided with conventional nutritional counseling according to the recommendations of the German Society for Nutrition for a total of 12 weeks. Disease activity and treatment responses were evaluated at the beginning of the experiment, day 7, week 6, and week 12. The results showed improvements in disease activity in both the fasting and conventional nutritional counseling groups. Noteworthy was the fact that the fasting group started showing improvements by day 7 as opposed to week 6 in the conventional group. Additionally, cardiovascular risk factors, such as weight and total cholesterol levels, showed more marked improvement in the fasting group compared to the conventional group. These improvements were found to be independent of any antibody status, intervention delivery method, or previous eating habits.
A Cohort Study published in 2021 in the journal Clinical Rheumatology found that Intermittent fasting during Ramadan can lead to rapid improvement of rheumatoid arthritis activity, with positive effects lasting up to three months. In this prospective study, 35 patients with rheumatoid arthritis participated in fasting during Ramadan 2019. Their disease activity was assessed at three different time points: six months prior to the beginning of Ramadan, during the month between the seventh day of fasting and seventh day post Ramadan, and approximately 3.4 months after fasting. The disease activity score 28 was used to evaluate the activity of the disease. A significant decrease in all disease activity parameters was observed from the time six months prior to Ramadan to the time during fasting, followed by a gradual increase of clinical and biological outcomes between the end of fasting and the months following. However, the decrease of specific disease indicators that resulted from the Ramadan fast was maintained until the time point 3.4 months after fasting, despite the increasing trend. Thus, the overall improvements from fasting were found to be sustained for at least 3 months after the end of the Ramadan fasting period.
A Meta-Analysis published in 2020 in the journal Nutrition found that Intermittent fasting and energy-restricted diets may decrease inflammatory markers, especially in overweight and obese individuals, but have no impact on the levels of certain proteins involved in inflammation. The research involved the systematic search of online medical databases such as Web of Sciences, PubMed, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar until June 2019. The aim was to evaluate the effects of Intermittent fasting (IF) and energy-restricted diets (ERDs) on plasma concentrations of inflammatory biomarker. The study included randomised control trials and the effect sizes were evaluated using a weighted mean difference from the random-effects model. Eighteen eligible trials were included in this meta-analysis. The results showed a significant reduction in C-reactive protein concentrations, an inflammatory marker, with IF regimens and ERDs, and this reduction was even more profound in overweight and obese individuals. The treatment also showed better results with a longer duration of intervention of eight weeks or more. However, neither dietary model decreased the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α or interleukin-6, which are proteins involved in the inflammation process.
A Cohort Study published in 2020 in the journal Clinical Rheumatology found that Ramadan fasting can induce rapid improvement in rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis activity without significantly affecting medication compliance or tolerance. In the methodology, this study was a prospective, monocentric one that included patients with either rheumatoid arthritis or spondyloarthritis who partook in Ramadan fasting in 2019. The disease activity and management of chronic medications were assessed and compared in two visits - one six months before Ramadan fasting began and a second one after at least seven days of fasting. In the results, the study found that both rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis activity, as measured by Disease Activity Scores, decreased after patients fasted during Ramadan. In contrast, compliance with chronic medications and tolerance did not significantly change. These findings suggest fasting can be a potentially effective approach to improving disease activity in patients with rheumatoid diseases. Moreover, these findings provide reassurance to patients who may have fears about medication intake during Ramadan, which could improve adherence to treatment.
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