Insights & Discussion
The Jing Si Herbal Drink, composed of various antiviral, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory herbs, has been confirmed as potentially effective in treating COVID-19 symptoms.
The methodology incorporated in this study involves analyzing the efficacy of the component herbs present in Jing Si Herbal Drink (JSHD). This was done through in vivo and in vitro testing to understand their potential in treating COVID-19. JSHD comprises a combination of 5 antiviral, 7 antioxidant, 7 anti-inflammatory herbs. Furthermore, it includes 2 herbs that inhibit the overactive immune system, one herb that reduces cell apoptosis, and another with antithrombotic ability. These constituent herbs were evaluated for their impact on the pathogenesis of COVID-19.
Discussion of the results showed that the ingredients in JSHD have demonstrated potential effectiveness against COVID-19. The active ingredients in the drink were effective in providing symptomatic relief for infected patients. The antiviral, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory herbs, along with those altering immune response, inhibiting cellular apoptosis and providing antithrombotic capacity, were all found beneficial against the disease. Thus, JSHD holds promise as a useful adjuvant or supplementary treatment in handling COVID-19.
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Chrysanthemum extract can be utilised as a natural ingredient to lessen post-meal cholesterol levels and enhance antioxidant status, after eating a high-fat meal.
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2023 Molecules Analysis of Chemical Constituents of Chrysanthemum morifolium Extract and Its Effect on Postprandial Lipid Metabolism in Healthy Adults Chen L, Sun J, Pan Z, Lu Y, Wang Z, Yang L, et al.
Clinical Study Antioxidant Cholesterol Chrysanthemum
The researchers analyzed the composition of two types of Imperial Chrysanthemum (IC) extracts, specifically IC-P and IC-E, using an Ultra High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) method. Next, they assessed these extracts' in vitro antioxidant activities using three different radical scavenging assays: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydraxyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and Hydroxyl Radical(HR). A group of 37 adults followed a randomized program and were divided into two: one consuming a high-fat (HF) meal alone and the other having the same meal but supplemented with IC extract. Blood samples from participants were taken at a fasting state and several more times up to 8 hours after the meal.
The study found 12 compounds, including amino acids, flavonoids, and carboxylic acids, making up over 1% of the IC extracts. Compared to IC-E, IC-P exhibited significantly higher flavonoid content and strong free radical scavenging activity. Chrysanthemum consumption showed significant differences in post-meal glucose levels, triglycerides, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, with the IC-P supplement group showing lower postprandial glucose and improved serum antioxidant status.
The compound (Z)-5’-Hydroxyjasmone 5’-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside from chrysanthemum flowers demonstrated superior antioxidant and anti-osteoporosis effects.
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2023 Journal of Science and Technology - HaUI Investigate the antioxidant and anti-osteoporosis activities of compounds isolated from chrysanthemum indicum flowers Le The Hoai, Nguyen Thi Huong, Bui Thi Thu Trang
Experimental Study Antioxidant Chrysanthemum Osteoporosis
The research involved isolating five compounds from Chrysanthemum indicum L flowers: Syringin, Dihydrosyringin, Benzyl-O-β-D- glucopyranoside, -Phenylethoxy-O--D-glucopyranoside, and (Z)-5’-Hydroxyjasmone 5’-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside. The identification and structure determination of these compounds were performed via the interpretation of their 1D - NMR spectra and comparison to established literature. The collected compounds were then assessed for their antioxidative and anti-osteoporosis activities.
During the analysis of results, it was observed that the compound (Z)-5’-Hydroxyjasmone 5’-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside exhibited significantly higher antioxidant activity and anti-osteoporosis effects compared to the others. It showed a strong capacity for peroxyl radical scavenging, surpassing the protection offered by the standard Trolox. Dihydrosyringin also demonstrated a good reducing capacity, as indicated by its CUPRAC values. Furthermore, (Z)-5’-Hydroxyjasmone 5’-O-β-D-Glucopyranoside displayed strong inhibitory effects on osteoclast differentiation, indicating its potential as an anti-osteoporosis agent.
Chrysanthemum morifolium contains natural bioactive compounds, including 29 types of phenolics, which display significant antioxidant activity.
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2023 Egyptian Journal of Chemistry Chemical Investigation of Phenolic Profiles and Antioxidant Activity of Chrysanthemum morifolium Youssef H, Ali S, Sanad M, Dawood D
Experimental Study Antioxidant Chrysanthemum
The study determined the antioxidant properties of Chrysanthemum morifolium by using methanol and ethyl acetate as solvents to extract and then analyse the plant's phenolic profile. The antioxidant activity was assessed with three separate in vitro tests: a reducing power assay, a Phosphomolybdenum antioxidative power assay, and the testing of inhibition of free radical 1,1-di phenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl. The content of total phenolics and total flavonoids was measured using the Folin Ciocalteu reagent, yielding a range of values.
In relation to the results, it was established that the examined plant was a significant source of bioactive compounds with notable antioxidant properties. A total of 29 phenolics, divided into 15 phenolic acids and 14 flavonoids were identified and quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography. Ellagic acid was the most present phenolic in the methanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of green aerial parts. Meanwhile, Hesperidin was the most common flavonoid in the flower methanol extract. The ethyl acetate fraction from the flowers showed the highest efficiency in all tested antioxidant methods, indicating that different parts of the plant can vary in their antioxidant potential.
Bananas and plantains contain compounds with anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidative properties that hold promise for potentially reversing neurological disorders.
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2022 Foods Suitability of Banana and Plantain Fruits in Modulating Neurodegenerative Diseases: Implicating the In Vitro and In Vivo Evidence from Neuroactive Narratives of Constituent Biomolecules Oyeyinka BO, Afolayan AJ
Anti-Apoptotic Anti-Inflammatory Antioxidant
The methodology of the study revolved around scrutinizing the bioactive properties found in bananas and plantains. Researchers pinpointed various neuroprotective mechanisms within commonly consumed fruits, specifically bananas and plantains. The study examined protein expression regulation and targeted specific gene pathways, including nuclear and tumor necrosis factors, extracellular signal-regulated and mitogen-activated protein kinases, activator protein-1, and the glial fibrillary acidic protein. In their investigations, they also considered the underutilized peel components of these fruits.
The results suggest that the multitude of bioactive compounds found in both the pulp and peels of bananas and plantains perform a variety of beneficial neuroprotective activities. These range from acting as antioxidants, preventing cell death (anti-apoptotic), and reducing inflammation (anti-inflammatory), to directly influencing the functionality of the nervous system (neuromodulatory). This discovery implicates plant-based foods, specifically bananas and plantains, as potentially significant substances in combating, halting, or mitigating the pathological mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative disorders.
Walnut seed skin extract demonstrates potential hepato-renal protective effects, inhibiting inflammatory responses, oxidative stress and apoptosis, in kidney-damaged Sprague-Dawley rats.
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2022 Cytokine The hepato-renal protective potential of walnut seed skin extract against acute renal ischemia/reperfusion damage Askin S, Askin H, Dursun E, Palabiyik E, Uguz H, Cakmak , et al.
Animal Study Acute Kidney Injury Acute Renal Ischemia Anti-Inflammatory
In the methodology, Sprague-Dawley rats in acute kidney injury state were divided into three groups: a healthy control, a group induced with renal ischemia/reperfusion (IR), and another group induced with renal IR and treated with walnut seed skin (WSS) extract. Blood, liver and kidney tissues were collected for serum evaluations of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, urea, and creatinine. Histopathological studies were performed on liver and kidney tissues, and gene markers related to anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and apoptotic effects were measured.
The results showed an improvement in deteriorated serum parameters in rats with renal ischemia pre-treated with WSS extract. Histopathological analysis revealed a protective effect of WSS on kidney and liver tissues. Though gene expression studies yielded diverse results for liver and kidney tissues, the consensus was that WSS had a pronounced protective impact on the liver. It was inferred that WSS's healing potential in renal and hepatic tissues seems to work via inhibiting inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and apoptosis.
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