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Eating sardines twice a week for a year significantly reduces the risk of developing type 2 diabetes in prediabetic individuals aged 65 and above.
In this study, 152 individuals with prediabetes and age 65 or older were chosen from three primary care centers in Barcelona. These subjects had a fasting glucose of 100-124 mg/dL. They were divided into two intervention groups: a control group (CG) and a sardine group (SG). While both groups were given the same nutritional diet to prevent type 2 diabetes for a year, the sardine group was instructed to include 200 grams of sardines in their diet every week. Data including fasting glucose levels, type of diet followed, and other demographic variables were collected before starting and after ending the diet.
After a year, the sardine group, when compared to the control group, showed significant reductions in the percentage of individuals classified as very high risk for developing type 2 diabetes. The sardine group also showed improved health parameters such as increased HDL-cholesterol and adiponectin levels, decreased triglyceride levels, and slightly reduced blood pressure. Additionally, the consumption of sardine nutrients - omega-3, EPA and DHA, vitamin D, fluorine, and taurine - was significantly higher in the sardine group. Further, changes in erythrocyte membrane fatty acids were detected only in the sardine group, which included a decrease in 5 omega-6 fatty acids and an increase in 3 omega-3 fatty acid types.
A one-year, sardine-enriched diet in an elderly population with pre-diabetes exerts a greater protective effect against developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular events.
Following the nutrition intervention, 29.6% of SG subjects had left the "very high" risk group (from 37.3% to 7.7%), while only 4.9% of CG subjects had managed to do so (from 27.3% to 22.4%), a finding which is significantly different.
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Sardines, being an affordable source of Omega-3 and other cardioprotective nutrients, can potentially reduce the need for Omega-3 supplementation and manage cardiometabolic diseases.
2023 Frontiers in Nutrition Eating more sardines instead of fish oil supplementation: Beyond omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, a matrix of nutrients with cardiovascular benefits Santos HO, May TL, Bueno AA
Review Article Cardiovascular Disease Cholesterol High Blood Pressure
The abstract primarily acknowledges the importance of Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids with respect to managing diseases related to heart health and metabolism, for instance, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hypertriglyceridaemia, and fatty liver disease. However, these fatty acids are not the sole beneficial component of sardines. Minerals including but not limited to calcium, potassium, and magnesium as well as substances like taurine and arginine found in sardines have a significant role in controlling mild inflammation and oxidative stress which are usually present in cardiovascular diseases and hemodynamic dysfunction.
The results discussed in the abstract suggest a positive correlation between consumption of sardines and potential cardiometabolic benefits. By considering the dose-response relationship effects, a pragmatic approach towards consumption of nutrients was suggested. The intake of sardines was seen not only as a means of Omega-3 supplementation but also as a comprehensive approach to enhancing cardiovascular health. The abstract concludes with an emphasis on the many beneficial nutrients found in sardines besides Omega-3, underlining the need to shift the focus from synthetic supplementation to natural dietary improvement.
Tart cherry juice shows promise in aiding blood sugar control and supporting heart health, highlighting its potential as a natural dietary addition.
2022 Complementary Therapies in Medicine Effects of tart cherry juice consumption on cardio-metabolic risk factors: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials Moosavian SP, Maharat M, Chambari M, Moradi F, Rahimlou M
Systematic Review Blood Sugar Cardiovascular Disease Cherry
Tart cherry juice was found to lower fasting blood sugar but didn't have a significant impact on blood pressure, insulin, cholesterol, body fat, or weight. It is rich in antioxidants, which may be why it's beneficial for the heart. Changes in gut bacteria might also play a role. More research with larger and varied groups of people is needed to confirm these findings and understand them better. In the meantime, healthcare professionals may consider suggesting tart cherry juice for heart health.
Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) has beneficial health properties and can promote cardiovascular health, lipoprotein metabolism, and diabetes management in clinical nutrition.
2022 Nutrients Therapeutic Properties and Use of Extra Virgin Olive Oil in Clinical Nutrition: A Narrative Review and Literature Update Jiménez-Sánchez A, Martínez-Ortega AJ, Remón-Ruiz PJ, Piñar-Gutiérrez A, Pereira-Cunill JL, García-Luna PP
Review Article Cardiovascular Disease Type 2 Diabetes
The methodology of this narrative review involved an extensive synthesis and illustration of the various characteristics and clinical applications of EVOO and its components such as oleic acid, hydroxytyrosol, and oleuropein. It looked at their significance in diet therapy, use in oleic acid-based enteral and parenteral nutrition formulations, and oral supplementation formulations.
In their discussion of the results, the researchers found diverse health benefits associated with EVOO. Particularly, they highlighted the potential of whole EVOO in diet therapy and its minor components in supplementation to enhance cardiovascular health, control lipoprotein metabolism, and manage diabetes mellitus within a clinical nutrition framework. It was seen as a significant addition to nutritional and dietary strategies, with a potential for therapeutic application in several diseases and clinical demographics.
Sardines are highly proven to be able to effectively prevent type 2 diabetes, prevent hypertension, and lower blood pressure, especially for senior citizens.
2021 Muhammadiyah International Public Health and Medicine Proceeding The Benefits of Consuming Sardines to Prevent Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus for Senior Citizens Nurdiana Febriyanti V
Cohort Study High Blood Pressure Omega-3 Fatty Acids Sardine
Sardines contain anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant roles, boost cell membrane fluidity, boost the number of insulin receptors and insulin action, and also contain hypotensive and hypoglycemic effects.
Consumption of sardines can effectively prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension, particularly in senior citizens, due to their high omega 3, EPA, and DHA content.
2021 Muhammadiyah International Public Health and Medicine Proceeding The Benefits of Consuming Sardines to Prevent Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus for Senior Citizens Nurdiana Febriyanti V
Cohort Study High Blood Pressure Omega-3 Fatty Acids Sardine
For the methodology, the researchers carried out a literature study to delve into the research topic. They exclusively used already available research and data for their study rather than new, hands-on investigations. They explored extensively into the health benefits and properties of sardines and how it contributes to preventing type 2 diabetes and hypertension.
In their discussion of the results, it was determined that sardines have multiple beneficial properties. They discovered that sardines have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant roles, they enhance membrane fluidity and increase insulin receptors and action. Furthermore, sardines also possess hypoglycemic and hypotensive qualities. The multitude of these properties thus shows the capability of sardines to effectively prevent and lower hypertension and type 2 diabetes, especially among senior citizens.
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