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Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation during the prenatal and perinatal period could have a protective effect on neurodevelopmental disorders including ADHD, ASD, and MDD in youth.
The research implemented supplementation of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids also known as Omega-3 PUFAs, in different quantities and durations to youth with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), major depressive disorder (MDD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This was carried out based on suggested dosage and duration from various randomized controlled trials and systemic literature reviews. It was observed that omega-3 PUFAs were essential nutrients not just for physical health but also for mental health, more so during the prenatal and perinatal stages of development.
The results demonstrated that clinical symptoms improved in youth with ADHD, MDD and ASD after they were supplemented with Omega-3 PUFAs, especially in cases where there was high inflammation or low baseline Omega-3 index present. The research showed very promising evidence that Omega-3 PUFAs had positive effects on lethargy and hyperactivity symptoms in ASD. There was also an inclination that Omega-3 PUFAs levels and inflammation could be potential markers for treatment response in ADHD and MDD.
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Sardines, being an affordable source of Omega-3 and other cardioprotective nutrients, can potentially reduce the need for Omega-3 supplementation and manage cardiometabolic diseases.
2023 Frontiers in Nutrition Eating more sardines instead of fish oil supplementation: Beyond omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, a matrix of nutrients with cardiovascular benefits Santos HO, May TL, Bueno AA
Review Article Cardiovascular Disease Cholesterol High Blood Pressure
The abstract primarily acknowledges the importance of Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids with respect to managing diseases related to heart health and metabolism, for instance, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, hypertriglyceridaemia, and fatty liver disease. However, these fatty acids are not the sole beneficial component of sardines. Minerals including but not limited to calcium, potassium, and magnesium as well as substances like taurine and arginine found in sardines have a significant role in controlling mild inflammation and oxidative stress which are usually present in cardiovascular diseases and hemodynamic dysfunction.
The results discussed in the abstract suggest a positive correlation between consumption of sardines and potential cardiometabolic benefits. By considering the dose-response relationship effects, a pragmatic approach towards consumption of nutrients was suggested. The intake of sardines was seen not only as a means of Omega-3 supplementation but also as a comprehensive approach to enhancing cardiovascular health. The abstract concludes with an emphasis on the many beneficial nutrients found in sardines besides Omega-3, underlining the need to shift the focus from synthetic supplementation to natural dietary improvement.
Nutrition, particularly an anti-inflammatory Mediterranean diet supplemented with oily fish and omega-3 supplements, can potentially reduce inflammation and improve symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis.
2023 Autoimmunity Reviews Nutrition and its role in prevention and management of rheumatoid arthritis Nikiphorou E, Philippou E
Review Article Mediterranean Diet Omega-3 Fatty Acids Sardine
The review examines evidence indicating a possible connection between nutrition and the risk and management of rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune disease having an immune-inflammatory response. The impact of different food types was considered, including pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory foods. Specifically, the research highlights the effectiveness of a Mediterranean diet, rich in fish and supplemented with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, in reducing inflammation and oxidation. Other factors such as herbs and spices, beverages, vitamin D, and probiotics were also taken into account. The research emphasizes the direct and indirect role of nutrition through the management of co-morbidity.
The disease activity was observed to improve with dietary changes, particularly a propensity to reduce inflammation, oxidation, and beneficial effects on gut microbiota. An anti-inflammatory Mediterranean diet, supplemented with consumption of oily fish at least twice a week, and daily intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplements of 2 g, has been recommended. The study also highlights the importance of rheumatologists working closely with registered dietitians to support patients in managing a well-balanced diet according to their individual needs.
Sardines are highly proven to be able to effectively prevent type 2 diabetes, prevent hypertension, and lower blood pressure, especially for senior citizens.
2021 Muhammadiyah International Public Health and Medicine Proceeding The Benefits of Consuming Sardines to Prevent Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus for Senior Citizens Nurdiana Febriyanti V
Cohort Study High Blood Pressure Omega-3 Fatty Acids Sardine
Sardines contain anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant roles, boost cell membrane fluidity, boost the number of insulin receptors and insulin action, and also contain hypotensive and hypoglycemic effects.
Consumption of sardines can effectively prevent type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension, particularly in senior citizens, due to their high omega 3, EPA, and DHA content.
2021 Muhammadiyah International Public Health and Medicine Proceeding The Benefits of Consuming Sardines to Prevent Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus for Senior Citizens Nurdiana Febriyanti V
Cohort Study High Blood Pressure Omega-3 Fatty Acids Sardine
For the methodology, the researchers carried out a literature study to delve into the research topic. They exclusively used already available research and data for their study rather than new, hands-on investigations. They explored extensively into the health benefits and properties of sardines and how it contributes to preventing type 2 diabetes and hypertension.
In their discussion of the results, it was determined that sardines have multiple beneficial properties. They discovered that sardines have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant roles, they enhance membrane fluidity and increase insulin receptors and action. Furthermore, sardines also possess hypoglycemic and hypotensive qualities. The multitude of these properties thus shows the capability of sardines to effectively prevent and lower hypertension and type 2 diabetes, especially among senior citizens.
Oily fish, particularly sardines, due to their high omega-3 and taurine content, may play a protective role in slowing the progression towards type 2 diabetes.
2021 Food Reviews International Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes through Sardines Consumption: An Integrative Review Díaz-Rizzolo DA, Miro A, Gomis R
Review Article Omega-3 Fatty Acids Sardine Type 2 Diabetes
The methodology used in this research involved an integrative review of both observational studies and clinical trials to study the potential correlation between sardine consumption and preventing type 2 diabetes. The focus was specifically on oily fish that are rich in omega-3 and taurine and contain low amounts of persistent organic pollutants, with a special emphasis on sardines due to their high concentration of the beneficial compounds.
The results illustrated a possible protective effect of consuming oily fish, particularly sardines, against the progression towards type 2 diabetes. Despite the controversy surrounding fish consumption and diabetes risk, it was observed that the high content of omega-3 fatty acids and taurine in these fish might be a key factor in their potential antidiabetogenic effect. However, the presence of persistent organic pollutants in these fish creates a challenge that needs careful consideration.
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