Anti-Inflammatory

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• Introduction
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• Research Summary

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Executive Summary

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Write an executive summary in the form of a blog article on the topic of "Research into Chinese medicine treatment for Anti-Inflammatory" summarising the research below and using language that can be easily understood by patients and avoiding medical jargon using a professional and caring tone of voice.

Write an executive summary in the form of a blog article on the topic of "Researched Chinese medicine treatments for Anti-Inflammatory" summarising the research below in an objective and easy to understand way, and using language that can be easily understood by patients. Group the article into Chinese medicine treatments first, followed by nutrition and other treatments. Avoid using medical jargon and use a professional and caring tone of voice.

Write me a concise but easy to understand executive summary on the topic of "Chinese medicine treatments for Anti-Inflammatory" based on the following research that I will give you. Your summary should be 2 paragraphs long in Australian English spelling and include references to the studies.

A Review Article published in 2023 in the journal Molecules found that Bee pollen showcases a range of biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and potential antiviral properties, which could contribute to the creation of innovative therapies. The methodology used in the study involved analysing a diverse array of pollen types, in combination with their various chemical compositions. The primary aim of this was to updatedly assess the bioactive constituents present in bee pollen and consider the therapeutic possibilities they present. A focus of the study was on beehive pollen since it is a rich natural source of proteins and nutrients and exhibits immense chemical and therapeutic potential. Discussion of results emphasized that the range of biological activities associated with bee pollen is truly remarkable. This activity ranges from anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties to potential antiviral and anticancer applications. Despite the challenge presented in fully understanding the vast array of biological properties across various pollen sources, this study has succeeded in emphasizing the potential extent of the therapeutic effectiveness of bee pollen. Its potential contribution on the path to discovering innovative therapies cannot be underestimated.

A Cohort Study published in 2023 in the journal Nutrients found that Long-term consumption of green tea can potentially lessen the risk of depression in postmenopausal women by decreasing inflammation and boosting estradiol levels. In the study, researchers performed an analysis on a tea-producing village, incorporating 386 postmenopausal women in the investigation, who participated either as green tea consumers or non-drinkers (control group). The level of estradiol, inflammation markers, sleep quality, and depression symptoms were measured to uncover any correlations. The results reflected significant disparities between the tea-drinking and control groups in terms of depression and insomnia levels, BMI, inflammation levels, and estradiol quantities. By appraising these outcomes, it was found that green tea intake could quell the likelihood of depression via its impact on sleep, inflammation, and estradiol levels. The risk of depression was consequently seen as reduced among postmenopausal women engaging in regular consumption of green tea.

A Systematic Review published in 2023 in the journal Phytotherapy Research found that Peppermint, particularly its component menthol, has been indicated to possess anti-inflammatory properties, potentially improving management of chronic disorders like diabetes and cancer. Researchers searched four databases (Web of Sciences, PubMed, Scopus, and Embase) to identify articles relevant to peppermint and its anti-inflammatory effects. The search, conducted up to March 2023, led to the screening of 3805 records. From these, 14 articles were selected that met the study requirements. This extensive search and selection process aimed to cover as broad a range of reputable sources as possible, providing a holistic view of existing research on peppermint's potential anti-inflammatory capabilities. In these studies, peppermint showed potential as an anti-inflammatory agent. Its hypothetical mechanism of action includes the activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase/unc-51 like kinase 1/nuclear factor-E2 associated factor 2 autophagy pathway. Concurrently, it might downregulate extracellular signal-regulated kinase-nuclear factor kappa B and mitogen-activated protein kinases pathways, thereby enabling inflammation suppression. Other likely pathways include attenuating oxidative stress and inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and nitric oxide. Additionally, it may induce the production of anti-inflammatory prostaglandins. These combined pathways potentially lead to the overall reduction of inflammation. However, more human studies are required to confirm these beneficial effects.

A Experimental Study published in 2023 in the journal Cosmetics found that Phenolic extracts from turmeric and ginger have significant anti-inflammatory effects and enhance wound healing in Wistar rats. The study utilised the solid-liquid extraction method to obtain phenolic extracts from turmeric and ginger rhizomes. Using Wistar rats as a biological model, the researchers examined the anti-inflammatory effects of the extracts by observing the decrease in edema volume in the rat's hind paw following treatment. Moreover, the healing process of purposefully induced burns on the rat's dorsal region was monitored to evaluate the healing activity. In the discussion of the results, it was observed that the application of creams containing the mentioned extracts resulted in complete healing after 19 days, a marked improvement compared to the control group, which only achieved 60% healing. The extracts demonstrated different levels regarding tissue repair at day 14, showing their respective potency. The study also identified diverse molecular weight distribution of phenolic compounds within the extracts, suggesting potential influence on how they affect anti-inflammatory and wound healing activities.

A Review Article published in 2023 in the journal Autoimmunity Reviews found that Nutrition, particularly an anti-inflammatory Mediterranean diet supplemented with oily fish and omega-3 supplements, can potentially reduce inflammation and improve symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis. The review examines evidence indicating a possible connection between nutrition and the risk and management of rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune disease having an immune-inflammatory response. The impact of different food types was considered, including pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory foods. Specifically, the research highlights the effectiveness of a Mediterranean diet, rich in fish and supplemented with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, in reducing inflammation and oxidation. Other factors such as herbs and spices, beverages, vitamin D, and probiotics were also taken into account. The research emphasizes the direct and indirect role of nutrition through the management of co-morbidity. The disease activity was observed to improve with dietary changes, particularly a propensity to reduce inflammation, oxidation, and beneficial effects on gut microbiota. An anti-inflammatory Mediterranean diet, supplemented with consumption of oily fish at least twice a week, and daily intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplements of 2 g, has been recommended. The study also highlights the importance of rheumatologists working closely with registered dietitians to support patients in managing a well-balanced diet according to their individual needs.

A Meta-Analysis published in 2023 in the journal Complementary Therapies in Medicine found that Acupuncture demonstrates a positive therapeutic effect on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by effectively regulating associated inflammatory factors. Eight electronic databases were utilized in a systematic search for studies that satisfied the pre-defined inclusion parameters. Two impartial reviewers evaluated the quality of the resultant studies and a meta-analysis was then performed to assess the efficacy of acupuncture on IBD and its related inflammatory factors which include TNF-α, IL-1, IL-8, and IL-10. The analysis comprised of four randomized controlled trials that involved a total of 228 patients. The beneficial effects of acupuncture on IBD patients were thoroughly inspected, as well as its ability to regulate levels of specified inflammatory factors. The P values, which refer to the probability that any observed result occurred by chance, were critically assessed for every inflammatory factor - significance was found in the values of TNF-α, IL-8, and IL-10, but not for IL-1. The conclusion drawn was that acupuncture has a positive therapeutic impact on individuals suffering from IBD, and quite importantly, can regulate inflammatory factors in these patients. As a result of these findings, it is suggested that TNF-α, IL-8, and IL-10 are the ideal inflammatory indicators for evaluating the anti-inflammatory response in this patient category.

A Review Article published in 2023 in the journal Pharmacological Research found that Consumption of tea and coffee may possibly provide anti-inflammatory effects, contributing to reduced cardiovascular risk and mortality. The methodology of this narrative review examined the potential anti-inflammatory properties of consuming tea and coffee as a factor in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. This was done by analyzing a plethora of studies and meta-analyses that explored the impact of diet on inflammation, with a keen focus on the consumption of these beverages. The studies looked at a variety of risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, including inflammation biomarkers such as C-reactive protein, along with the impact of modern lipid-lowering treatments. In discussing the results, it was noticed that inconsistent findings were produced from the analysed studies which made a conclusive determination challenging. However, a trend was observed where drinking tea and coffee seemed to raise adiponectin levels, reduce reactive oxygen species and lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Despite these potential anti-inflammatory properties of tea and coffee being somewhat uncertain due to various confounding factors, their consumption is still recommended as part of a healthy diet.

A Experimental Study published in 2023 in the journal Food & Function found that Goji berry leaves have stronger anti-colitis effects than mulberry leaves, ameliorating tissue damage and better regulating inflammatory responses and gut microbiota. The research entailed a comparative study conducted on goji berry and mulberry leaves versus their respective fruits. To determine their anti-colitis effects, the experiment was administered to C57BL/6N mice that had been induced with colitis through dextran-sulfate-sodium. Through the utilization of measures such as ELISA and western blotting analysis, researchers were able to observe how each leaf versus its corresponding fruit ameliorated colitic symptoms, tissue damage, and was able to influence the overproduction of certain pro-inflammatory cytokines. The results showed that both the goji berry leaf and fruit significantly reduced symptoms of colitis and improved tissue damage while the mulberry leaf did not show similar improvements. The goji berry leaf exhibited the strongest performance in restraining the overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and further repairing the damaged colonic barrier. It also effectively adjusted gut microbiota equilibrium by increasing beneficial bacteria and decreasing harmful ones. The berries and leaves similarly restored certain dietary fibers to alleviate inflammation, but the mulberry leaf did not achieve this for butyrate. This is the first report to provide a comprehensive contrast of anti-colitis effects between the leaves and fruits of goji and mulberry.

A Review Article published in 2022 in the journal Journal of Functional Foods found that Carrot's bioactive compounds can regulate immune response, reduce oxidative stress, and prevent damaging oxidative destruction, making it a potential preventive tool for various diseases. In this literature review, mechanisms were proposed for how the antioxidant properties of carrot’s β-carotene and other bioactive compounds, such as phenolic acid, flavonoid, polyacetylene, and ascorbic acid could modulate the immune system. These proposals were centered around three main paths: anti-inflammatory response modulation, antioxidant response modulation, and overall immune response modulation (which involves both innate and adaptive responses). In the discussion of results, it was revealed that the bioactive compounds in carrots have the ability to regulate pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and are also capable of reducing oxidative stress. This was shown by the decrease in the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and an increase in antioxidant capacity, which collaboratively helps to minimize destructive oxidative destruction. Additionally, these compounds influenced immune components, specifically via the regulation of leukocytes, antigens, immunoglobulins, and histamine levels. As a result, carrots were defined as a functional food source capable of immune modulation and potential prevention and treatment for a range of diseases.

A Review Article published in 2022 in the journal Molecules found that Green tea's catechins demonstrate therapeutic effects against neurodegenerative diseases via anti-inflammatory, antioxidant actions, and activating diverse brain cellular pathways. The research primarily evaluates the effect of polyphenolic compounds found in green tea, known as catechins, on neurodegenerative diseases. By conducting several interventional and observational studies on humans, the research explores the anti-cancer, anti-obesity, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties of these compounds. The biological, pharmacological, antioxidant, and metal chelating abilities of catechins, particularly their influence on different cellular pathways within the brain, are intensively studied. The results elucidate that catechins exhibit multiple neuroprotective effects. Their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties help to inhibit excessive production of cytokines, and inflammatory pathways, while also controlling metal ions and free radicals. Researchers have further established that catechins may curb the phosphorylation of the tau protein and aggregation of amyloid beta, both key markers in neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, these compounds show potential in reducing alpha-synuclein levels and augmenting dopamine levels. Hence, they significantly contribute to the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, multiple sclerosis, and cognitive deficits.

A Randomised Controlled Trial published in 2022 in the journal Heliyon found that The combined use of chamomile and saffron with usual medication enhances the efficacy against depression and ensures long term improvement. This research was a randomized, open, blinded trial with 120 participants split evenly into a test and control group. After consent was obtained, a patient health questionnaire was filled out to determine depression scores. Participants in the test group received herbal tea sachets, containing 20 mg of chamomile and 1 mg of saffron, twice per day for a month in addition to their regular medications. Control group participants only received their standard allopathic medicine. Blood samples were taken both before and after the treatment period. The test showed significant improvement in depressive symptoms for both groups. However, in the test group, the addition of the herbal teas amplified the effect of the medications. The herbal adjuvant therapy reduced inflammatory markers and tryptophan levels in plasma, which increased the availability of tryptophan in the brain, a key aspect in managing depression. Consequently, the research concluded that inclusion of these herbs enhances the effectiveness of the conventional treatment against depression and provides long term benefits.

A Review Article published in 2022 in the journal International Journal of Molecular Sciences found that Compounds found in green tea, especially EGCG, show significant anti-cancer activity and hold promise as potential anticancer drugs or adjuvants to standard chemotherapy. The study used a combination of epidemiological and laboratory studies to examine the effects of catechins in green tea on combating cancer. The researchers focused their attention on the four main catechin derivatives found in green tea: epicatechin, epigallocatechin, epicatechin gallate, and epigallocatechin gallate—the latter found to be most potent. Attention was given to the quantity of hydroxyl groups and the presence of certain structural groups in these compounds, and how these factors affected antioxidant activity. The study centered around the effects of catechins on tumor survival, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. By doing this, the researchers could observe the influence of the identified compounds on the various processes that lead to the development and spread of cancer. The main point of observation was the capacity of catechins to neutralize reactive oxygen species, a key facet in their anti-cancer activity.

A Systematic Review published in 2022 in the journal Advances in Nutrition found that Prunes demonstrate potential as a dietary intervention to protect against, prevent and even reverse bone loss in osteoporosis, particularly in postmenopausal women. Using sixteen preclinical trials with in vivo rodent models of osteopenia or osteoporosis, researchers investigated the effect of dietary supplementation with prunes. The research shows prunes' osteoprotective capabilities, preventing, reversing bone loss, and exerting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The prunes or their polyphenol extracts showed properties that decreased malondialdehyde and NO secretion and increased antioxidant enzyme expression. Two clinical trials further investigated prune consumption (50-100 g/d for 6-12 months) on bone health in postmenopausal women. The results of the studies revealed the promising outcome of improved bone mineral density and bone biomarker due to the consumption of dried plums. However, the effect of prunes on oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators remains less understood. The study hence emphasizes the need to investigate prunes' role in modulating the inflammatory and immune pathways related to bone health.

A Review Article published in 2022 in the journal Molecules found that Depression, a prevalent and debilitating disorder, necessitates novel treatments beyond conventional drugs. Stingless bee honey, rich in antioxidants, emerges as a potential antidepressant candidate, explored comprehensively through monoamine, inflammatory, and neurotrophin hypotheses. This comprehensive review delves into the urgent need for safer and more effective depression treatments, considering the limitations of conventional drugs. The focus is on Stingless Bee Honey (SBH), recognized for its high antioxidant content, and its potential as an antidepressant is explored through the lenses of the monoamine, inflammatory, and neurotrophin hypotheses. Stingless bee honey's potential as an antidepressant is examined in the context of its antioxidant richness, offering a new avenue for addressing depression beyond conventional drug approaches. The review highlights the importance of exploring alternative medicines, such as SBH, for safer and more efficacious depression treatments.

A Review Article published in 2022 in the journal Applied Sciences found that Honey, owing to its bioactive compounds, demonstrates potential in treating COVID-19 symptoms by reducing oxidative damage and enhancing the immune system. The review outlines the SARS-CoV-2 virus's mechanisms of action, which is responsible for COVID-19, offering a comprehensive understanding. It also explores the various bioactive assets honey has at its disposal, primarily focusing on its beneficial properties. The discussion elaborates on the potentials of honey's biological properties, especially its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. These characteristics of honey, as suggested by the review, could contribute to the relief of oxidative damage and boost the immune system, thereby proving beneficial in combating viral infections, including COVID-19.

A published in 2022 in the journal Foods found that Bananas and plantains contain compounds with anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidative properties that hold promise for potentially reversing neurological disorders. The methodology of the study revolved around scrutinizing the bioactive properties found in bananas and plantains. Researchers pinpointed various neuroprotective mechanisms within commonly consumed fruits, specifically bananas and plantains. The study examined protein expression regulation and targeted specific gene pathways, including nuclear and tumor necrosis factors, extracellular signal-regulated and mitogen-activated protein kinases, activator protein-1, and the glial fibrillary acidic protein. In their investigations, they also considered the underutilized peel components of these fruits. The results suggest that the multitude of bioactive compounds found in both the pulp and peels of bananas and plantains perform a variety of beneficial neuroprotective activities. These range from acting as antioxidants, preventing cell death (anti-apoptotic), and reducing inflammation (anti-inflammatory), to directly influencing the functionality of the nervous system (neuromodulatory). This discovery implicates plant-based foods, specifically bananas and plantains, as potentially significant substances in combating, halting, or mitigating the pathological mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative disorders.

A Review Article published in 2022 in the journal Phytomedicine found that Chinese Herbal Medicine Prescriptions (CHMPs) have demonstrated to be potentially effective in managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) with a comprehensive, holistic approach. In their methodology, the authors reviewed both preclinical and clinical researches to evaluate the effectiveness of CHMPs in treating IBD. They performed screenings of articles that highlighted the use of CHMP as a treatment option for IBD, giving them an insight into the complexity of the disease and the sophistication of CHMP treatments. Subsequently, they conducted an umbrella review of multiple meta-analyses linked to CHMPs to comprehend the efficacy of these herbal prescriptions in a clinical setting; they narrowed down from 1174 records to 12 substantial references for the review. In discussing their results, the authors analyzed a variety of 14 CHMPs that have a historical usage background and discussed their respective mechanisms of action. They delve into the inherent characteristics of the herbs used to provide a comprehensive understanding of the CHMPs. Recognizing the holistic nature being integral to CHMP, the authors discussed how the implementation of omics, studying the gut microbiome, and network pharmacology can enhance the understanding of CHMPs' bioactions in treating IBD.

A Review Article published in 2022 in the journal Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry found that Jujube nutrients may offer potential therapeutic benefits including antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory functions, and improving sleep quality and learning. The methodology used for this study involves a comprehensive review of existing research about Wild jujube, giving particular focus on its phytonutrients, biological functions, metabolism of bioactive compounds, and applications. The study does not seem to detail a specific experimental procedure, but instead bases its conclusions on existing literature. Various parts of the wild jujube plant, such as the fruits, seeds and leaves, were examined for their potential role as food, medicine, or health care aids. The results from the review suggest that the different parts of the wild jujube plant play many roles. The fruits have been noted for their antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties, and as ingredients preventing aging. The mature seeds have been found to have potential beneficial effects on central nervous system diseases, particularly in the treatment of insomnia and the enhancement of learning and memory.

A Animal Study published in 2022 in the journal Frontiers in Nutrition found that Cooked adzuki beans contribute notably to preventing obesity and regulating gut microbiota composition, while also alleviating systemic inflammation and metabolic disorders. The methodology involved a controlled experiment where mice were fed diets of varying lipid content: a low-fat diet or a high-fat diet. The specific twist in this experiment was the inclusion or exclusion of cooked adzuki beans to their diet, ensuring 15% of the diet comprised of this. The duration of this dietary regimen was 12 weeks. In the discussion of results, it was discovered that cooked adzuki beans provided key beneficial effects. This included a significant inhibition of weight gain and hepatic steatosis, a reduction in high levels of specific markers such as serum triacylglycerol, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase, providing a counter to systemic inflammation and metabolism-related endotoxemia commonly found in those consuming a high-fat diet. Moreover, the inclusion of adzuki beans positively affected the gut microbiota composition, reducing fat-inducing bacteria and enriching the gut with beneficial bacteria to help alleviate inflammation and metabolic disorders associated with high-fat diets.

A Review Article published in 2022 in the journal Frontiers in Nutrition found that The underutilized pomegranate peel, full of abundant bioactive substances, could be repurposed for its potential health benefits like anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, cardiovascular protection, and antibacterial activities. This paper conducts a miniature review of the characterization and physiological functions of the key bioactive compounds present in pomegranate peel. The exploration underscores the main phenolic compounds in the peel, illustrating substances such as tannins, flavonoids, phenolic acids, dietary fibers, alkaloids, minerals, and vitamins. A deep understanding of these components and their potential benefits is vital to the study and future applications. The research finds that these core components essentially function as antioxidants, either enhancing oxidative biomarkers or proactively neutralizing reactive oxygen species. By establishing these key functions, it essentially links these activities to a broader context of benefits, including but not limited to anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, cardiovascular protection, and antibacterial attributes, thereby indicating a potential for substantial health benefits. With comprehensive understanding and appropriate application of these substances, the pomegranate peels, often classified as waste, could find a new life as robust health-enhancing elements.

A Systematic Review published in 2022 in the journal Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity found that Ginger, native to Southeast Asia, possesses antioxidant and antiviral properties, contributing to healthy ageing and potential prevention of age-related disorders. The study explored the natural benefits of ginger, a plant native to Southeast Asia renowned for its culinary and medicinal uses. The approach focused on examining the plant's antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial, and particularly antiviral properties from its rich collection of antiviral compounds. The process involved digging into accumulated evidence that suggests ginger's role in promoting healthy ageing, reducing morbidity, and prolonging a healthy lifespan, thus providing a natural solution for an age-old problem. In terms of results, the examination of evidence proved affirming. Ginger displayed significant potential in boosting healthy ageing, reducing the risk of age-related disorders, and extending a wholesome life expectancy due to its inherent properties. The plant's antioxidant characteristics played a key role in these outcomes, along with its anti-inflammatory and antiviral attributes. In essence, the research unfolded a rather underexplored potential of a common natural product in tackling age-induced health conditions.

A Animal Study published in 2022 in the journal Cytokine found that Walnut seed skin extract demonstrates potential hepato-renal protective effects, inhibiting inflammatory responses, oxidative stress and apoptosis, in kidney-damaged Sprague-Dawley rats. In the methodology, Sprague-Dawley rats in acute kidney injury state were divided into three groups: a healthy control, a group induced with renal ischemia/reperfusion (IR), and another group induced with renal IR and treated with walnut seed skin (WSS) extract. Blood, liver and kidney tissues were collected for serum evaluations of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, urea, and creatinine. Histopathological studies were performed on liver and kidney tissues, and gene markers related to anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and apoptotic effects were measured. The results showed an improvement in deteriorated serum parameters in rats with renal ischemia pre-treated with WSS extract. Histopathological analysis revealed a protective effect of WSS on kidney and liver tissues. Though gene expression studies yielded diverse results for liver and kidney tissues, the consensus was that WSS had a pronounced protective impact on the liver. It was inferred that WSS's healing potential in renal and hepatic tissues seems to work via inhibiting inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and apoptosis.

A Review Article published in 2022 in the journal Phytomedicine found that Ellagic acid, commonly found in various plant foods, can enhance cancer treatment by boosting the effects of chemotherapy and radiotherapy while reducing their side effects. The presented review compiled in vitro and in vivo experimental evidence of the synergistic effect of Ellagic acid (EA) in cancer therapy from multiple databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The focus was on the use of EA in conjunction with conservative treatment methods such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The results suggest that EA, a polyphenolic compound found in various plant foods, has the potential to enhance the effectiveness of these treatment methods. It was found to improve treatment outcomes when combined with a low dosage of therapeutic drugs or optimized radiation levels. Additionally, EA appears to have a preventative effect against the adverse reactions normally associated with chemotherapy, possibly due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This makes it a promising candidate as a drug adjuvant in cancer treatment.

A Review Article published in 2022 in the journal Applied Sciences found that Purple carrot roots, rich in bioactive compounds like anthocyanin, may be effective in preventing metabolic syndrome and cancer by reducing inflammation and metabolic changes. The methodology employed in the research deeply studies the role of purple carrot’s main bioactive compounds against metabolic syndrome and cancer. The main focus lies on anthocyanin, a phenolic compound present in purple carrot roots. This natural food source was shifted towards as a healthier nutritional approach instead of dietary supplements. The research leans on the effectiveness of these compounds in evading or delaying the onset of cardiovascular diseases, obesity, diabetes, and cancer by inhibiting inflammatory effects. The discussion primarily surrounds the role of bioactive compounds found in purple carrots, specifically anthocyanin, in their potential prevention of metabolic syndrome and cancer. The study focused on how these components could disrupt the onset of cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, and similar health issues. The results suggest that these compounds were successful in decreasing metabolic changes and inflammation. It has been suggested that purple carrots' inherent components might serve as a major tool in the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome and cancer.

A Review Article published in 2022 in the journal Pharmacological Research - Modern Chinese Medicine found that The Jing Si Herbal Drink, composed of various antiviral, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory herbs, has been confirmed as potentially effective in treating COVID-19 symptoms. The methodology incorporated in this study involves analyzing the efficacy of the component herbs present in Jing Si Herbal Drink (JSHD). This was done through in vivo and in vitro testing to understand their potential in treating COVID-19. JSHD comprises a combination of 5 antiviral, 7 antioxidant, 7 anti-inflammatory herbs. Furthermore, it includes 2 herbs that inhibit the overactive immune system, one herb that reduces cell apoptosis, and another with antithrombotic ability. These constituent herbs were evaluated for their impact on the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Discussion of the results showed that the ingredients in JSHD have demonstrated potential effectiveness against COVID-19. The active ingredients in the drink were effective in providing symptomatic relief for infected patients. The antiviral, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory herbs, along with those altering immune response, inhibiting cellular apoptosis and providing antithrombotic capacity, were all found beneficial against the disease. Thus, JSHD holds promise as a useful adjuvant or supplementary treatment in handling COVID-19.

A Randomised Controlled Trial published in 2022 in the journal EClinicalMedicine found that Acupuncture effectively induced and sustained remission in active Crohn's disease patients, linked to an increase in anti-inflammatory gut bacteria and improved intestinal barrier. In a 48-week randomized, sham controlled, parallel-group clinical trial conducted at a Chinese tertiary outpatient clinic, 66 drug-resistant, mild to moderately active Crohn's disease patients were randomly assigned equally to a control or acupuncture plus moxibustion treatment group. Three treatment sessions were provided weekly for 12 weeks, followed by 36 weeks of follow-up. The acupuncture treatment was significantly more effective than the sham treatment in terms of clinical remission and response rates by week 12, results which were maintained at week 48. The acupuncture group also displayed lower Crohn's disease activity indices and C-reactive protein levels and a decreased recurrence rate. Post-treatment, this group demonstrated an increase in the diversity and relative abundance of intestinal microbiota, particularly anti-inflammatory bacteria, as well as reduced plasma levels of diamine oxidase, lipopolysaccharide, and Th1/Th17 related cytokines.

A Review Article published in 2022 in the journal Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition found that Modern extraction techniques improve the extraction of bioactive compounds from black soybeans, which have potential use in functional foods and nutraceutical components. These modern extraction techniques involve the application of technologies such as microwaves, ultrasounds, and enzymes. Contrary to traditional methods that depend on simple yet toxic solvents, these contemporary options yield higher amounts of bioactive substances from black soybeans, are quicker, and are less damaging to the environment. The exact bioactive compounds extracted include anthocyanins, phenolic acids, isoflavones, and flavones, among others. Researchers discovered that black soybeans, and specifically their seed coat, are rich in various bioactive compounds. These compounds have been reported to possess numerous health benefits, showing antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, cardio and neuroprotective activities. The study also explores how these soybean extracts have been used in the manufacture of food products like noodles, in the development of biodegradable films with pH sensitivity, and in therapeutic applications such as promoting wound healing and alleviating inflammation. The comprehensive review, therefore, serves as a handy reference for food manufacturers and scientists, showcasing the vast potential of black soybeans in the development of functional foods and nutraceuticals.

A Systematic Review published in 2022 in the journal Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy found that Plums, specifically European and Japanese species, exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that may be used for the treatment and prevention of cancer. Methodology: The researchers conducted a systematic review of existing literature related to the effects of plums on cancer prevention and treatment. They used a variety of databases including Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, Medxriv, and the Cochrane Library, considering studies published from the inception of each database till July 2021. The validity of the studies was checked using the CONSORT checklist tool for quality assessment. A total of 6639 studies were initially scrutinized, narrowing down to 54 relevant studies for in-depth review. Discussion of Results: The analysis of the chosen studies revealed high antioxidant content in plum extracts. While the majority of the research supporting these findings were conducted in vitro, a smaller quantity of clinical studies involved in vivo testing. The promising results gathered from these studies suggest the potential of plums being used both for treatment and preventing cancer, especially due to their antioxidative properties.

A Cohort Study published in 2022 in the journal Frontiers in Pharmacology found that The majority of reproductive age women with endometriosis in Taiwan use traditional Chinese medicine, specifically Gui Zhi Fu Ling Wan, to relieve related symptoms. The methodology of this study involved analyzing the use of TCM among women with endometriosis in Taiwan. Researchers evaluated the usage, frequency of service, and the specific Chinese herbal products prescribed for endometriosis using a randomly sampled cohort of 1,000,000 beneficiaries from the National Health Insurance Research Database. In terms of results, it was found that most women with endometriosis used TCM in dealing with their symptoms. These women were more likely to seek out TCM treatment than those without symptoms. Gui-Zhi-Fu-Ling-Wan, a Cinnamon Twig and Poria Pill known for its sedative and anti-inflammatory properties, was the most commonly prescribed Chinese herbal formula. This specific TCM plays a significant role in treating the discomfort associated with endometriosis, showing a preference towards natural remedies over conventional ones.

A Experimental Study published in 2022 in the journal Journal of Ethnopharmacology found that Saffron petal extract and anthocyanins can alleviate symptoms of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome by rectifying hormonal imbalances and reducing inflammation in PCOS mice. The study conducted experiments on mice induced with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) through the injection of testosterone enanthate. These mice were then treated with saffron petal extract and anthocyanins to observe the effect on their ovarian hormones, steroidogenic enzymes, ovarian dysfunction, regulation of anti-inflammatory genes, and antioxidant factors. The treatment was found to decrease the elevated levels of luteinizing hormone, testosterone, and estrogen in the PCOS mice, while reviving the reduced follicular-stimulating hormone and progesterone levels. In discussion of the results, it was observed that saffron petal extract and anthocyanins positively altered the levels of gonadotropin receptors, steroid receptors, inflammatory markers, inflammatory-related factors, and antioxidant enzymes that were affected by the PCOS condition in the subject mice. The study also noted that the reproductive tissues of the PCOS mice, which were converted into androgen-dominant environments by the testosterone enanthate induction, were restored into estrogenic conditions after the treatment. Further findings suggested that saffron petal extract and anthocyanins led to amelioration of PCOS symptoms by enhancing the regulation of ovarian steroids, steroidogenic processes, antioxidant enzyme production, and inflammatory markers.

A Review Article published in 2022 in the journal South African Journal of Botany found that Chrysanthemums, popular floricultural crops, not only hold significant ornamental value but also exhibit various therapeutic potentials including antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities. The method involved in this research aimed at studying the genus Chrysanthemum through a decade-long review (2010-2020) of scientific evidence, focusing on its therapeutic potential, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities. Various phytochemical compounds including flavonoids, terpenoids, polysaccharides, and unsaturated fatty acids, which are present in the genus Chrysanthemum, were identified. In addition, the taxonomy, distribution, horticultural, and traditional uses of the genus were also studied. The results demonstrated that Chrysanthemum species show numerous potential medicinal benefits, ranging from antioxidant to antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-allergic, anti-obesity, immune regulation, hepatoprotective and nephroprotective activities. The research also underlined the opportunity of medicinal exploitation of the genus Chrysanthemum, given the extreme popularity of these plants and the wide range of phytochemical compounds they contain. The ornamental, medicinal, environmental, and industrial values of these plants further establish them as leading floricultural crops.

A Review Article published in 2022 in the journal Reference Series in Phytochemistry found that Coconut water possesses unique compound profiles that imbue it with a broad spectrum of medical properties, incorporating aspects of nutrition, pharmacology, and disease prevention. The study utilized comprehensive analysis to assess the chemical profile of coconut water, identifying a range of components including phytohormones, enzymes, antioxidant compounds, vitamins, minerals, and phenolic compounds. These components are known to contribute to the water's biological activity and pharmacological effects, thereby enabling a raft of medicinal properties inherent to coconut water. The water was found to feature anti-microbial, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, rejuvenating, hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic, and diuretic properties. An examination of the therapeutic effects of coconut water revealed a significant impact on gastric dysfunction, dysentery, and child malnutrition alongside notable capabilities to manage hypertension. The water was found to promote exercise performance, reduce swelling, dissolve kidney stones, improve kidney function, improve digestion, relieve constipation, reduce the risk of heart disease, lower high blood pressure, and improve cholesterol levels. Consumption of tender coconut water was specifically found to reduce the risk of heart disease, help prevent Alzheimer’s disease pathologies and prevent osteoporosis in experimental animals. The unique nutritional profile of coconut water was also found to provide it with the capacity to balance body chemistry and fight cancer.

A Systematic Review published in 2021 in the journal Complementary Therapies in Medicine found that Turmeric curcuminoids are associated with better pain relief than NSAIDs in knee osteoarthritis. The meta-analysis results showed that curcuminoids were significantly more effective than comparators regarding visual analogue scale (VAS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) pain scores. However, no significant difference in pain relief or AEs between the high-dose (daily dose ≥1000 mg or total dose ≥42 gm) and low-dose (daily dose <1000 mg or total dose <42 gm) curcuminoid treatments was observed. When comparing curcumininoids versus NSAIDs, a significant difference in VAS pain was found. For AE analysis, three of our included studies used NSAIDs as comparators, with all reporting higher AE rates in the NSAID group, though significance was reached in only one study.

A Review Article published in 2021 in the journal Current Drug Delivery found that Pomegranate juice and its bioactive components may serve as cost-effective, next-generation non-pharmacologic anticancer therapies, particularly against colorectal and prostate cancer. Methodology: The present review was undertaken to provide current information on the impact of pomegranate juice and its bioactive elements, critically focusing on the effects on the most common six types of cancer. The inherent polyphenolic compounds of pomegranate, such as ellagitannins and punicalagin, are known to have substantial antioxidant capability which has been evaluated through in vitro and in vivo studies. These compounds' ability to avert free radicals and design metal-chelates in biological tissues have offered a useful basis to extrapolate their impact on various types of cancers. Discussion of Results: The findings indicate that the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of pomegranate possess significant antimutagenic and antiproliferative activities, which proved to be beneficial in modifying gene expression, moderating cellular mechanisms, and limiting the metastasis of cancerous cells. In addition to this, there are reports from a few clinical trials showing the potential of pomegranate ingredients to prevent and treat cancer, notably colorectal and prostate cancer. It’s been noticed that the pomegranate driven therapies may prove to be a cost-effective alternative to costly chemotherapies which often carry drug resistances and severe side effects. Such therapies could offer lesser side effects, making them potential candidates for future non-pharmacologic anticancer treatments.

A Systematic Review published in 2021 in the journal Future Pharmacology found that Eating kiwifruits improves bowel movements and decreases stool consistency, also providing anti-inflammatory and antioxidant benefits to the gut barrier. The review included nine clinical studies investigating the effect of kiwifruit consumption on intestinal function and constipation. The studies, focusing on young or middle-aged adults predominantly, required participants to consume between two to four kiwifruits daily for durations varying from three days to four weeks. The impact on elderly individuals was less explored. The review indicates that kiwifruits can enhance bowel movements and reduce stool consistency in both healthy individuals and those suffering from irritable bowel syndrome-induced constipation. The fiber and water content of kiwifruits is thought to contribute to these results. Furthermore, consumption of kiwifruit showed extra intestinal health advantages, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects on the gut barrier. However, when focusing on patients with constipation, the fruit's consumption correlated with a temporary increase in defecation frequency but inconsistently impacted stool consistency. High-quality methodical studies and meta-analysis substantiated these findings.

A Review Article published in 2021 in the journal Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition found that Green tea and its component EGCG, demonstrate potential as a treatment for endometriosis by inhibiting growth, invasion, adhesion and angiogenesis. The main research methodology of this work is a narrative review. The paper comprehensively collects and reviews various preclinical studies that propose the use of green tea as a potential treatment for endometriosis. These studies explore the diverse biological properties and activities of green tea and its major bioactive component, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, including anti-angiogenic, anti-proliferation, anti-metastasis, and apoptosis induction functions. Different potential mechanisms used by green tea to inhibit the growth of endometriosis are considered, such as its effects on inflammation, oxidative stress, invasion, adhesion, and apoptosis. The discussion of the reviewed data highlights the potential therapeutic effects of green tea acting on different molecular and cellular mechanisms in endometriosis. The researchers keenly discussed how green tea exhibited an inhibitory effect on the disease through multiple avenues, including reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, preventing tumor invasion and adhesion, promoting apoptosis (cell death), and limiting angiogenesis (the development of new blood vessels) - all these factors contribute to the growth and progression of endometriosis. The discussion elaborates on the significant roles and wider implications of these processes in understanding and potentially treating endometriosis.

A Review Article published in 2021 in the journal Frontiers in Pharmacology found that Yu Xing Cao, a traditional Asian medicine, demonstrates organ protection, immune regulation, and anti-tumour activity when analysed in modern research. The methodology used in this review began by harnessing key search terms such as 'H. cordata and lung', 'H. cordata and heart', 'H. cordata and liver', and 'H. cordata and inflammation' to query research databases including PubMed, Web of Science and ScienceDirect. The focus was on articles published within the past decade that aligned significantly with the chosen keywords. Contents, disease models and research methods from these articles were analysed to form a comprehensive understanding of H. cordata's therapeutic effects. Results from the review found that H. cordata contained a variety of chemical constituents common to medicinal plants, including flavonoids and volatile oils, identified as the main active components. The plant demonstrated a range of pharmacological activities including organ protection, where it reduced the release of inflammatory factors to alleviate lung injury. The immunity regulation aspect enhanced immune barriers in the vagina, oral cavity, and intestinal tract, reducing pathogen infection due to its combined antibacterial and antiviral activity. It was also observed to have anti-inflammatory and anti-tumour properties, with a noted effect on lung, liver, colon, and breast tumours.

A Review Article published in 2021 in the journal Frontiers in Pharmacology found that The autophagic-regulatory effects of Chinese herbal medicine are potentially therapeutic for allergic inflammatory diseases such as asthma. Chinese herbal medicine is one of the main lines of complementary and alternative therapy of bronchial asthma, as it is the third most popular choice of both adults and children suffering from this condition. An increasing number of CHMs have been discovered as autophagy modulators. Such autophagic-regulatory effects are potentially therapeutic for allergic inflammatory diseases such as asthma. Although we have found that many autophagy modulators isolated from anti-asthmatic-CHMs were possibly related to new mechanisms and functions of these plants in the treatment of asthma diseases, we are still far away from translating these traditional herbs or formula into clinical applications in asthma therapy.

A Review Article published in 2021 in the journal Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture found that Curcumin, derived from turmeric, exhibits an extensive range of biological and medicinal properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antifungal qualities. The research examines turmeric extracts, specifically focusing on curcumin, a yellow biocomponent. An array of its medicinal and biological properties is explored, particularly anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antifungal attributes. Traditionally used in various cultures for a range of health issues like inflammation, cough, wounds, liver disorders, and cancers, curcumin's extensive application in treating a variety of diseases potentially positions it as a significant component in modern medicine. The study also notes the successful tolerance of curcumin at high doses with no adverse effects. The analysis extends to the preferred methods for the encapsulation of curcumin, detailing techniques such as nanocomplexing, gelation, complex coacervation, electrospraying, and solvent-free pH-driven encapsulation. These methods have demonstrated effectiveness in encapsulating curcuminoids. Moreover, the chemical traits of curcumin are also highlighted, providing a basis for further potential applications in the development of health-promoting functional products.

A Review Article published in 2021 in the journal Clinical Ophthalmology found that Curcumin, with its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial and antimutagenic properties, is a potential therapeutic agent for retinal diseases. This review paper uses various pieces of research from the literature to detail the characteristics of curcumin, a molecule produced by plants. The paper particularly focuses on the beneficial and controversial aspects of curcumin. It talks about the retina's susceptibility to oxidative stress due to its cell composition and constant exposure to photons, highlighting that retinal ganglion cells and photoreceptors are particularly sensitive to oxidative damage. The paper also points to studies that link an imbalance in reactive oxygen species to a wide range of retinal diseases. In the discussion of results, it is stated that a number of studies suggest that curcumin can be well tolerated by humans when taken orally and does not tend to have negative effects, making it a promising candidate for retinal disease treatment. However, a primary limitation is curcumin's poor bioavailability; the body can only absorb a small fraction of the substance as an active compound. Despite that, efforts have been made to improve curcumin's accessibility to target tissues in sufficient quantities.

A Clinical Study published in 2021 in the journal Journal of Herbal Medicine found that Green tea therapy can significantly improve rheumatoid arthritis symptoms, correlating with changes in specific circulating serum molecules, miR-125b and miR-146a. In this study, 100 female patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis and 50 healthy female subjects were examined. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis underwent green tea therapy, where they consumed 5 cups of green tea daily, delivering a total of 1230 mg of catechins, over a span of 24 weeks. During this time, researchers used real-time PCR analysis to measure the levels of miR-146a and miR-125 b in the patients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells. These cells were isolated from the subjects at three distinct stages: the starting point (baseline), after 12 weeks, and finally after 24 weeks of the treatment. The observations revealed a notable increase in the level of circulating miR-125 b and decrease in miR-146 expression, and these shifts were seen to correspond positively with measures of disease activity and pain intensity in the patients after 24 weeks of the green tea therapy. Also of note was that the levels of miR-146a and miR-125b could accurately predict the clinical response to green tea therapy in 65% of the rheumatoid arthritis patients. Discrepancies in miR-146a and miR-125b levels following green tea therapy suggests that they may be attributed to the joint protective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects of green tea. It was therefore proposed that both miR-146a and miR-125b could potentially serve as diagnostic, therapeutic, and predictive biomarkers in green tea therapy and may even have valuable application in related non-drug rheumatoid arthritis therapy.

A Systematic Review published in 2021 in the journal medRxiv found that The available evidence provides a good indication that nut consumption can result in a small improvement in blood pressure in adults. A total of 31 RCTs with 2784 participants were included. Each 20 g/d increase in nut consumption reduced systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. The effect of nuts on systolic blood pressure was more evident in patients with type 2 diabetes. The results were robust in the subgroup of trials with low risk of bias. Levels of systolic blood pressure decreased proportionally with the increase in nuts consumption up to 40 g/d, and then appeared to plateau with a slight upward curve. A linear dose-dependent reduction was seen for diastolic blood pressure, with the greatest reduction at 80 g/d. The available evidence provides a good indication that nut consumption can result in a small improvement in blood pressure in adults. Well-designed trials are needed to confirm the findings in long term follow-up.

A Systematic Review published in 2021 in the journal The American Journal of Medicine found that Coffee consumption, particularly boiled coffee, may increase levels of certain cardiovascular risk markers, but no strong link was found to anti-inflammatory effects. Methodically considering pre-selected databases such as PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and more, this study rigorously searched for randomized controlled trials to analyse the impacts of coffee consumption on inflammatory indicators of cardiovascular risk. Duplicate data and trials that did not meet the study's criteria were removed. The remaining 17 studies that passed scrutiny were included in the analysis, looking particularly at effects of coffee on cholesterol levels, apolipoprotein B levels and interleukin 6 levels. This comprehensive review resulted in interesting findings. Boiled coffee emerged as a potential culprit for increased levels of total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol along with apolipoprotein B. Filtered coffee, on the other hand, did not show similar trends. In one trial, caffeinated coffee showed a noteworthy increase in blood interleukin 6 levels compared to participants who did not consume coffee. However, no robust anti-inflammatory effects connected to coffee consumption could be confidently ascertained to be a significant factor in reducing mortality rates related to cardiovascular disease.

A Experimental Study published in 2021 in the journal International Journal of Molecular Sciences found that Two French natural mineral waters (NMW1 and NMW2) show anti-inflammatory effects and can reduce intestinal inflammation in mice with induced colitis. The study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of two French natural mineral waters (NMWs) - NMW1 (rich in calcium, magnesium, sodium, carbon, and iron) and NMW2 (mainly bicarbonate) - on intestinal inflammation. Intestinal epithelial cells were stimulated with heat-inactivated Escherichia coli or hydrogen peroxide and then treated with NMWs. Additionally, moderate colitis was induced in Balbc/J mice using 1% dextran sulfate sodium. These mice were then given either NMW1, NMW2, or control water. The study assessed general symptoms, histological features of colitis, fecal lipocalin-2 levels, pro-inflammatory KC cytokine levels, and the global mucosa-associated microbiota. Both NMW1 and NMW2 showed anti-inflammatory effects in treated intestinal cells. In the colitis-induced mice, NMW1 notably reduced inflammation, evidenced by lower disease activity scores, reduced fecal lipocalin-2, decreased release of pro-inflammatory KC cytokines, and smaller intestinal epithelial lesions. NMW1 also helped in maintaining the normal state of mucosa-associated microbiota. These findings suggest the potential of these NMWs in managing inflammatory bowel disease through modulating gut microbiota.

A Systematic Review published in 2021 in the journal International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology found that Tremella polysaccharide is a safe natural active ingredient, which can be used in the prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of diseases. Tremella polysaccharide is a full-functioning active substance, and any of its activities are not independent, but complementary to other activities. For example, Tremella polysaccharides can participate in various physiological activities such as type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, inflammation and aging by regulating the expression of SIRT1 protein, which is in line with the guidelines of eastern medicine to maintain the dynamic balance of the human body through conditioning. Tremella polysaccharides are non-toxic and harmless natural ingredients that can be used for long-term contact with the human body by smearing or oral administration. It means that Tremella polysaccharides are suitable for the daily health needs of sub-healthy people and can be widely used in food, medicine and daily chemical products.

A Systematic Review published in 2021 in the journal Angiology found that Epidemiological studies suggest that the consumption of spicy chilli food is associated with reduced risk of all-cause as well as heart disease–related mortality. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the association between spicy food (chilli pepper, chilli sauce, or chilli oil) consumption with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Medline and EMBASE were searched from their inception until February 2020 to identify relevant prospective cohort studies. Hazard ratios (HRs)/relative risk (RRs) were pooled via random-effect meta-analysis. Of the 4387 citations identified, 4 studies (from the United States, China, Italy, and Iran) were included in the meta-analysis. The included studies involved a total of 564 748 adults (aged ≥18 years; 51.2% female) followed over a median duration of 9.7 years. The pooled data suggested that compared with people who did not regularly consume spicy food (none/<1 d/wk), regular consumers of spicy food experienced a 12% (HR/RRpooled 0.88, 95% CI, 0.86-0.90; I 2 = 0%) lower risk of all-cause mortality. Moreover, spicy food consumption was associated with significant reduction in the risk of death from cardiac diseases (HR/RRpooled 0.82, 0.73-0.91; I 2 = 0%), but not from cerebrovascular disorders (HR/RRpooled 0.79, 0.53-1.17; I 2 = 72.2%). In conclusion, available epidemiological studies suggest that the consumption of spicy chilli food is associated with reduced risk of all-cause as well as heart disease–related mortality. Further studies in different populations are needed to confirm this association.

A Review Article published in 2021 in the journal Frontiers in Pharmacology found that Chinese herbal medicines may improve treatment for those with chronic kidney disease, due to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, anti-apoptotic, autophagy-mediated, and antifibrotic effects. The methodology of the research entailed a comprehensive review of peer-reviewed English-language journals that focus on the potential benefits of Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) in treating kidney disease. The primary factors investigated were the anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, anti-apoptotic, autophagy-mediated, and antifibrotic properties of CHMs that are commonly used in managing kidney disease. The review also incorporated newly published clinical trials and meta-analyses within this field. The results of the review found that CHMs have multiple beneficial effects, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, anti-apoptotic, autophagy-mediated, and antifibrotic properties. This, backed by well-structured randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses, highlighted that the incorporation of CHMs as an auxiliary with conventional medicines could assist patients suffering from chronic kidney disease. The results, however, noted the limitations on the development of CHMs, like unknown active ingredients, inferior quality, and limited sample sizes of some clinical trials, and questions on CHMs' safety.

A Review Article published in 2021 in the journal Journal of Food Biochemistry found that Pomegranate demonstrates anti-proliferative, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory properties that can effectively control the progression of various respiratory diseases. The research methodology involved both in vivo and in vitro studies to examine the potential effects of pomegranate fruit, juice, extract, peel powder, and oil on a variety of respiratory disorders such as asthma, lung cancer, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The focus was to understand the properties of pomegranates that led to its anti-proliferative, anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-tumorigenic effects, and how these qualities could potentially attenuate these diseases through modulation of various signaling pathways. The discussion of results revealed that pomegranate was effective in controlling the progression of diverse respiratory diseases, suggesting it could be a key therapeutic target. These results not only demonstrated the potential medical benefits of pomegranate against lung-based diseases but also highlighted its possible role in influencing the lung fibrinolytic system. The findings from both preclinical and clinical studies underscored the influence of pomegranate in tackling lung diseases.

A Review Article published in 2021 in the journal Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine found that The fresh rhizoma of Roscoe, a traditional Chinese medicine, has proven effects on the nervous and cardiovascular systems and has antibacterial, antitumor, and antioxidant properties. The methodology for this comprehensive review encompased the exploration of the botany, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens. This involved studying over 100 chemical compounds found in the fresh rhizoma of Roscoe, including gingerols, essential oils, and diarylheptanoids among others. Various modern scientific methods and principles were employed in order to establish a broad understanding of the medicinal properties and potential applications of the herb. The results of the review demonstrated the multitudinous health benefits of Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens. In particular, it has thoroughly documented pharmacological effects on the nervous and cardiovascular systems. Moreover, it has been shown to have antiemetic, antibacterial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. The study reinforced the wide usage of the herb in traditional Chinese medicine and underscored the versatility of its applications. However, it also revealed disparities in the evaluation standards of the herb's quality and clinical efficacy.

A Review Article published in 2021 in the journal Molecules found that Bee honey and propolis could have potential beneficial effects as supporting treatments for COVID-19, enhancing immunity and inhibiting viral activity. The study's methodology involved a comprehensive review of the literature on the potential anti-COVID-19 effects of bee honey and propolis, products known for their strong antimicrobial and antioxidant abilities. The researchers conducted molecular simulations to see how various flavonoids found in these products might inhibit essential viral processes. Additionally, they compared the effectiveness of propolis extracts delivered by nanocarriers to ethanolic extracts, and they examined the effects of a combination of honey and propolis on hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The findings from the review and simulations suggested that certain flavonoids in honey and propolis may inhibit the fusion of the virus spike with host cells, interactions that cause a cytokine storm, and viral replication. Propolis ethanolic extract, rutin, and propolis liposomes displayed inhibitory action against non-structural proteins of the virus in vitro while naringin inhibited viral infection in specific cells. When delivered via nanocarriers, propolis extracts showed enhanced antiviral effects against the virus compared to ethanolic extracts. Observations of hospitalized patients suggested that those treated with green Brazilian propolis or a honey-propolis combination experienced quicker viral clearance, symptom recovery, and hospital discharge, along with lower mortality rates.

A Clinical Study published in 2021 in the journal Molecules found that Pomegranate polyphenols have shown strong potential in preventing and treating breast cancer through various anti-cancer effects. The researchers conducted a systematic review of scientific literature available on PubMed and Google Scholar, that included articles written in English over the past two decades. They focused on the original research articles examining the potential role of pomegranate and its polyphenols in breast cancer prevention and treatment. In total, they selected 28 papers for review, including both clinical and preclinical studies. The research revealed that pomegranate polyphenols display potent anti-cancer properties through several mechanisms on breast cancer cells. These mechanisms include anti-estrogenic, anti-proliferative, anti-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-metastatic effects. Additionally, pomegranate extracts could induce cell cycle arrest, cytotoxicity, and inhibit invasion in breast cancer cells. However, findings from two small clinical trials were contradicting. Overall, pomegranate was recognised as a promising natural strategy for managing breast cancer.

A Review Article published in 2021 in the journal Molecules found that Green tea, coffee, wine, and curry have beneficial health effects due to the polyphenols they contain, which possess both antioxidant and pro-oxidant properties. The research leverages epidemiological studies, clinical trials, cell-based studies and animal tests to examine the effects of green tea, coffee, wine, and curry -- and their key polyphenols -- on human health. The polyphenols investigated include epigallocatechin gallate in green tea, chlorogenic acid in coffee, resveratrol in wine, and curcumin in curry. The study concentrates on the workings of these polyphenols, primarily focusing on reactive oxygen species (ROS), and how they perform both anti- and pro-oxidant functions, fundamentally influencing different enzymes and factors with health contributions. In the discussion of the results, it is mentioned that the anti-oxidative actions of these polyphenols assist in the scavenging of ROS and the downregulation of the nuclear factor-κB, yielding beneficial anti-inflammatory effects. Conversely, their pro-oxidant actions appear to elevate ROS production, encouraging the activation of 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase that regulates different enzymes and factors for health improvement. However, the exact mechanism of how these polyphenols exhibit either pro- or anti-oxidant effects remains unclear. Also, the research underscores that while many studies note their health benefits, some others show no positive effects on health conditions such as obesity, suggesting that outcomes could be influenced by various study factors.

A Systematic Review published in 2021 in the journal Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine found that Fennel intake decreased significantly the intensity of dysmenorrhea compared to placebo and was similar to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as mefenamic acid. Meta-analysis of these trials showed that F. vulgare intake decreased significantly the intensity of dysmenorrhea compared to the placebo. However, the effect of Mefenamic acid with F. vulgare was not different from each other. The F. vulgare alleviates dysmenorrhea. Regarding the same effect of F. vulgare with NSAIDs, it is highly recommend to the women suffered from dysmenorrhea specifically the ones who have high tendency toward herbal medicine.

A Review Article published in 2021 in the journal SSRN Electronic Journal found that Phytochemicals in carrots, particularly carotenoids, are effective at reducing eyesight degeneration and treating chronic eye defects due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Throughout the review process, seventy original research and review articles were examined, all published between 2000 and 2020 across four major journal databases: Elsevier, PubMed, ResearchGate and Plos One. The focus of the search was directed by six keywords, centring on both in-vivo and in-vitro study results related to the topic of interest. Among the various findings, it was consistently revealed that carrots contain a multitude of bioactive compounds, notably carotenoids, which have been proven to be effective in halting and treating eye degenerations including Nyctalopia, Myopia, Cataracts, Age-related Macular Diseases and Glaucoma. Carotenoids have been found to work as potent antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents, defending eyes against vision loss due to oxidative stress. Thus, the increased consumption of carrots can potentially serve as a natural therapeutic approach and enhancer of vision.

A Review Article published in 2020 in the journal Nutrients found that Coffee's bioactive compounds may exhibit various health benefits such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties on the digestive tract and stimulating effects on motor function. The methodology involved a narrative review of the impact of coffee; its by-products; and its bioactive components on the gastrointestinal system and the brain-gut axis. The gastrointestinal mucosa's reactions, mainly involving permeability, secretion, and proliferation, the neural and non-neural elements of the gut wall contributing to its motor function, and the brain-gut connection were all elements of critique and consideration. The results from the in vitro, in vivo, and epidemiological studies demonstrated that coffee induces various effects on the digestive system. For instance, it might act as an antioxidant, have anti-inflammatory effects, and act against cell overgrowth in the mucosa. In addition, coffee seems to promote motor functions in the gastrointestinal tract's external muscle layers. Nonetheless, despite these affirmed possible effects, much about coffee's accurate and detailed influence remains largely unexplored.

A Review Article published in 2020 in the journal Molecules found that Shaded gardening of Japanese matcha creates high-quality tea with unique compounds that can boost physical and mental health. This study reviewed and compiled health benefits of matcha tea, a type of powdered green tea grown traditionally in Japan with plants shaded during growth. This shading process promotes the synthesis and accumulation of unique biologically active compounds, which includes theanine, caffeine, chlorophyll, and a variety of catechins, with matcha offering a condensed source of these elements. The review indicated that matcha is considered the highest quality tea due to its distinctive chemical composition and prized flavor. In discussing the results, a major conclusion reached was that matcha tea has effective health-promoting attributes due to the tea's high content of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory substances. Such benefits have largely been credited to its significant proportion of catechins - a type of phenolic compound beneficial to human health. The high antioxidant potential of the tea and its subsequent ability to help prevent various diseases and support cognitive function underscores the value in regular consumption of matcha for not only physical health, but also mental health.

A Review Article published in 2020 in the journal Journal of Functional Foods found that Jujube fruits contain a high amount of various bioactive compounds exerting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiobesity, anti-cardiovascular disease, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, anti-microbial, anticancer, and gastrointestinal-protective effects. The scientific evidence has shown that jujube fruits contain a high amount of various bioactive compounds, including ascorbic acid, triterpenic acids, phenolic acids, amino acids, saponins, cerebrosides, flavonoids, polysaccharides, and mineral constituents. These phytoconstituents play important roles to suppress different diseases, exerting the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiobesity, anti-cardiovascular disease, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, anti-microbial, anticancer, and gastrointestinal-protective effects.

A Randomised Controlled Trial published in 2020 in the journal Journal of the American College of Cardiology found that Incorporating daily doses of walnuts into the diet of elderly individuals significantly reduces the concentrations of several inflammatory biomarkers. This study followed the WALHA study protocol and involved 708 elderly participants from two centers, one in Barcelona, Spain, and another in Loma Linda, California. They were randomly assigned into two groups: one group incorporated walnuts, at least 15% of energy (30 to 60g per day), into their diets, while the other group abstained from walnuts. The participants visited dietitians every two months for advice to maintain their allocated diets and physical activity level. The walnut group received 8-week allotments of raw-piece walnuts in sachets for daily consumption. The researchers conducted assessments of inflammatory biomarkers at the start and end of this 2-year study. Differences in the changes of inflammatory markers between diets were analyzed using multivariate-adjusted analysis of covariance. Of the 634 participants who completed the study, 66% were women and 32% were on statins. The average age was 69 years. There were no changes in body weight throughout the trial. Incorporation of walnuts into the diet resulted in significantly reduced concentrations of six out of ten examined biomarkers. Changes in inflammatory molecules were not related to changes in the main food groups.

A Review Article published in 2020 in the journal The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry found that Catechin-rich green tea extract (GTE) exercised anti-inflammatory activities can be beneficial in managing Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by reducing liver injury and gut-derived endotoxins. The research is built around the study of the anti-inflammatory properties of catechin-rich green tea extract (GTE). The primary analytical interest is its effects on inflammatory responses that contribute to Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), specifically nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The extraction focuses on inhibiting the activation of the hepatic nuclear factor kappa-B, which is known to exacerbate liver injury. The results have shown positive contributions of GTE to management of NAFLD. Itn was observed that the extract limits the activation of the hepatic nuclear factor kappa-B and in turn, reduces NASH-associated liver injury. Additionally, green tea extract was found to contain hepatic-level benefits that attenuate intracellular redox distress and pro-inflammatory signaling. It was also found to improve the gut barrier function, limit the translocation of gut-derived endotoxins, and exercise prebiotic and antimicrobial effects on the gut microbial ecosystem. These results can potentially contribute to managing NAFLD-associated morbidity.

A Experimental Study published in 2020 in the journal Scientific Reports found that Mu Dan Pi (MDP) and its water extract may serve as potential treatment options for inflammatory bowel disease. In the study, the anti-inflammatory impacts of Mu Dan Pi and its primary active compounds on inflammatory bowel disease were assessed systematically. Screening was done via NF-κB and interferon regulatory factor reporter assays in THP-1 cells, stimulated with particular gene activators. This process was later verified in bone marrow-derived macrophages. The water extract of Mu Dan Pi considerably hindered the activation of NF-κB and IRF reporters, modifying downstream signaling pathways and decreasing the production of IL-6 and TNF-α, based on dosage. In subsequent observations, among the five known active components identified within Mu Dan Pi, one component known as PGG distinguished itself as the most effective at inhibiting reporters and reducing IL-6 and TNF-α. On a clinical application level, both MDP powder and its water extract mitigated colitis and pathological changes in mice, although PGG did not present any significant reduction. This suggests that the anti-inflammatory qualities of Mu Dan Pi may hold therapeutic potential for inflammatory bowel disease.

A Randomised Controlled Trial published in 2020 in the journal Current Women s Health Reviews found that The use of ginger, chamomile, and honey significantly diminished the intensity of dysmenorrhea pain as compared to the use of mefenamic acid. Methodology: The research involved 200 female students from Arak universities, suffering from primary dysmenorrhea. These participants were randomly divided into two groups. Initially, one cycle without any intervention was evaluated for all students. Following this, group A was administered 250mg of mefenamic acid while group B received a combination of 1000mg ginger, 5000mg chamomile along with a teaspoonful of honey. This regimen was followed for two days prior and for the first three days of menstruation, administered three times daily and was carried out over two consecutive cycles. To measure the pain severity, associated symptoms of dysmenorrhea and bleeding, tools such as a visual analogue scale, Andersch-Milsom Verbal Scale, and Higham chart were used. Discussion of Results: Following the intervention, the pain intensity experienced by the group treated with ginger, chamomile, and honey was found to decrease significantly when compared to the group that was administered mefenamic acid.

A Systematic Review published in 2020 in the journal Explore: The Journal of Science & Healing found that Modified Tao-Hong Siwu Tang (MTST) appears more effective than non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and a combination of Tao-Hong Siwu Tang with oral contraceptives (OCs) offers benefits over OCs alone for treating primary dysmenorrhea. This systematic review aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of Tao-Hong Siwu Tang (TST) in treating primary dysmenorrhea. Conducted across various databases, the review identified five randomized controlled trials (RCTs) meeting inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis revealed suggestive evidence that modified TST (MTST) might have a favorable effect compared to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in managing primary dysmenorrhea (RR = 1.53, 95% CI = 1.37–1.72), with one RCT indicating MTST's superiority in reducing recurrence rates (RR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.15–0.63, P = 0.001). Furthermore, combining TST with oral contraceptives (OCs) appeared beneficial compared to OCs alone (RR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.02–1.79, P = 0.04). However, moderate evidence quality due to bias uncertainties and limited RCTs highlighted the need for cautious interpretation. The study emphasized the demand for alternative treatments, given NSAID and OC limitations, while stressing the need for rigorous large-scale trials to clarify TST's role in primary dysmenorrhea management.

A Systematic Review published in 2020 in the journal Complementary Therapies in Medicine found that Cinnamon supplementation significantly decreases inflammation and oxidative stress levels, serving as a potential additive for cardiometabolic health improvement. The systematic review and meta-analysis followed the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. A comprehensive search for appropriate clinical trials was performed across multiple databases including PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar until January 2020. After duplicates were removed, 1145 studies were found eligible and 12 studies were finally included in the meta-analysis, investigating the impact of cinnamon supplementation dosages ranging between 1.5 to 4 grams per day. The results of the meta-analysis revealed that cinnamon supplementation led to a significant reduction in inflammation markers, C-reactive protein and interleukin-6, alongside a decrease in malondialdehyde, an oxidative stress marker. Concurrently, an increase was observed in the total antioxidant capacity following the supplementation, implying an enhancement in the body's defensive ability against oxidative damage. Nevertheless, no significant change was identified in the levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 after the cinnamon supplementation.

A Review Article published in 2020 in the journal Longhua Chinese Medicine found that Green tea and its compounds, especially catechins, may potentially prevent and treat osteoarthritis due to their potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The researchers performed an extensive review exploring the potential impact of green tea and its bioactive compounds, chiefly catechins, on osteoarthritis management. Their focus was on the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant abilities of these compounds. Based on the review, such compounds can quell inflammation by blocking various signaling pathways interconnected with inflammatory processes. Specifically, they have the potential to suppress the expression of several cytokines and enzymes related to inflammation. In addition, green tea was noted for its property to neutralize free radicals, thus averting the formation of harmful reactive oxygen species and countering oxidative stress. While many conventional, non-surgical osteoarthritis therapies can lead to numerous adverse effects, the current review suggests that green tea could serve as a safer alternative. It may be a promising direction in the prevention and management of this chronic, painful, and inflammatory condition, which touches a significant number of people globally.

A Review Article published in 2020 in the journal Molecules found that Green tea polyphenols can potentially protect against neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's Disease through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective actions. The study synthesized existing research on the potential neuroprotective benefits of green tea polyphenols, particularly in Parkinson's disease. The papers highlighted were drawn from numerous sources and focused on the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective attributes of these compounds. Green tea's potential protection against free radicals, inflammation, and neuro-damage were considerable points of interest. The analysis also took into account the complex physiological, social, and cultural factors that could influence the effectiveness of green tea polyphenols in human subjects. Through the evaluation of numerous in vivo studies, researchers came to intriguing conclusions about the overall mechanism of green tea. The studies assessed explored how green tea consumption could mitigate neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson's. In these analyses, investigators refined their understanding of how green tea and its polyphenols function from a neuroprotective standpoint. This information helps us better understand the advantages of green tea consumption and its potential role in preventing neurodegeneration.

A Review Article published in 2020 in the journal The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry found that Honey, with its variable composition based on botanical origin, exhibits antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, suggesting its potential efficacy in managing obesity-related dysfunctions, including neurodegeneration, through improved glycemic control and lipid profile. The review explores honey's therapeutic potential, emphasizing its diverse bioactive compounds. The focus is on its effects in combating obesity-related dysfunctions, supported by experimental evidence from animal studies. Experimental findings indicate that honey can enhance glycemic control and lipid profile, offering protection against endothelial dysfunction and neurodegeneration in obesity. The role of honey's key constituents, particularly polyphenols, is highlighted, underscoring the need for further human studies to confirm these health benefits.

A Network Pharmacology published in 2020 in the journal BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies found that Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. ethanol extract (CEE) presents a potential protective effect on lipopolysaccharide induced acute lung injury in mice. Ninety male mice were randomly split into five groups and orally treated for seven days with control, model, and varying doses of CEE. On the last day of administration, all mice except the control group were infected intratracheally with lipopolysaccharide to induce acute lung injury. The experiment then measured factors such as lung histopathology, lung wet/dry weight, white blood cell count, and various immunity-related substances in the lung tissue. The results revealed that CEE could improve lung damage as evident in histopathology, reduce ratio of lung wet to dry weight and other indices, and hinder the increase in white blood cells, lymphocytes, and neutrophils. It also reduced pro-inflammatory markers while increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines and substances related to antioxidant activity. The effects of CEE were seen to be dose-dependent, suggesting that larger doses provided more benefit.

A Systematic Review published in 2020 in the journal Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine found that The study shows the promising potential of Suan Zao Ren as a multi-effect traditional Chinese medicine derived from the seeds of Ziziphus Jujuba. The methodology of the research was primarily a comprehensive literature review of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen (aka Suan Zao Ren). The team explored the botanical characteristics, traditional uses, pharmacology, and discovered compounds in the seeds of Ziziphus Jujuba. In regards to the results of the review, more than 150 compounds were identified in Ziziphi Spinosae Semen. These compounds, which mainly include terpenoids, flavonoids and others, show various biological activities. It was found that the seeds are particularly prominent in having sedative and hypnotic effects. Other properties discovered include antitumor potential, improvement to learning and memory, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, anti-aging, alongside lower blood pressure and lipid levels. Traditional usage of the seeds for the treatment of insomnia, forgetfulness, headaches and dizziness were confirmed by the review.

A Review Article published in 2020 in the journal Current Developments in Nutrition found that Citrus peel flavonoids exhibit a remarkable spectrum of biological activities including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiproliferation, antiangiogenesis, antioxidant, cell cycle regulation, and antimetastasis effects. This review has summarized a selection of the key preclinical and clinical studies that show an anticancer utility for citrus-derived flavonoids. This property is linked to the chemical structures of flavonoids, which can dramatically affect a range of molecular and cellular mechanisms for inhibiting cancer initiation and progression. Overall, citrus flavonoids act not only as free radical scavengers but also as modulators of several key molecular events implicated in cell survival and apoptosis.

A Systematic Review published in 2020 in the journal Nutrients found that Ginger has been effective in a majority of studies, including those that examined the alleviation of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, digestive function, improvement in the expression level of markers for colorectal cancer risk, and anti-inflammatory functions. Ginger is a natural spice that is used in diverse regions to add a pungent flavor to food. Furthermore, ginger has been used as an herbal medicine for common health problems. This systematic review is the first study that has exclusively collected RCTs regarding the efficiency of ginger in several human health conditions. The clinical effects of ginger have been introduced as six subsections: nausea and vomiting, gastrointestinal function, pain, inflammation, metabolic syndromes, and other symptoms. Reportedly, ginger has been effective in a majority of studies, including those that examined the alleviation of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy, digestive function, improvement in the expression level of markers for colorectal cancer risk, and anti-inflammatory functions. Several other functions have also been regarded as beneficial in trials, with some confronting results. However, a few drawbacks regarding the quality of the trials, inconsistent evaluation systems or parameters, and the generally small size of the studies need to be noted. Therefore, systematically designed research with detailed descriptions of methodology and a sufficient pool of participants is necessary for future clinical trials to address the functional characteristics of ginger.

A Review Article published in 2020 in the journal Food Reviews International found that Bioactive compounds found in avocado waste products exhibit various biological properties, with potential applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, we delved into the archived scientific research concerning bioactive compounds and their sources, particularly focusing on avocado waste products such as leaves, peels, and seeds. We identified the primary compounds found in these parts to include carotenoids, tocopherols, phytosterols and a group of natural organic structures known as polyphenols. In the results discussion, we found that the compounds discovered in avocado waste products have credible biological activities that have distinct health implications. The wastes extracts demonstrated antimicrobial properties, along with anti-inflammatory characteristics. Additionally, they showed potential anticancer, antidiabetic and antihypertensive capabilities. These findings infer that the bioactive compounds from avocado wastes may be successfully used in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

A Review Article published in 2020 in the journal Phytotherapy Research found that Star anise is the source of the precursor molecule, shikimic acid, which is used in the manufacture of oseltamivir (Tamiflu®), an antiviral medication for influenza A and influenza B. Besides, several other molecules with numerous biological benefits including the antiviral effects have been reported from the same plant. Except the antiviral potential, star anise possesses a number of other potentials such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, anthelmintic, insecticidal, secretolytic, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective, sedative properties, expectorant and spasmolytic, and estrogenic effects.

A Review Article published in 2020 in the journal Biomolecules found that Avocado and soybean unsaponifiables may effectively reduce inflammation and symptoms related to osteoarthritis, autoimmune diseases, and menopause. The research involves summarizing various studies on the biological effects of the avocado-soybean unsaponifiables (ASU), highlighting its potent anti-inflammatory properties. The extracted ASU are a combination of elements derived from the fruits and seeds of avocados and soybeans. To understand its impact, the researchers categorized the applications of ASU in treating different conditions such as osteoarthritic pain, hip and knee osteoarthritis, autoimmune diseases, and menopause-related symptoms amongst postmenopausal women. The discussion revealed significant links between avocado and soybean unsaponifiables and symptom improvement in areas of osteoarthritic pain, autoimmune conditions, and postmenopause. Particularly notable is the ASU mixture's potential role as an adjunct treatment, meaning it’s meant to supplement primary treatments for such conditions. Its benefits were not only limited to physical reduction of inflammation and associated pain, but also improved mood and quality of life for postmenopausal women by significantly reducing menopause-related symptoms. The study also delves into the safety, toxicological considerations, and regulatory practices related to the use of ASU.

A Systematic Review published in 2020 in the journal Nutrition found that Regular dietary intake of olive oil reduces the levels of certain inflammation markers, making it a beneficial alternative dietary fat, especially for managing IL-6. The methodology of this review involved summarising data from randomized controlled trials to investigate the impact of regular dietary intake of olive oil on three specific inflammatory markers: C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. These studies looked at how regular usage of olive oil as part of the diet can affect these markers and provide benefits to individuals who implement it in their dietary routine. The trials focused primarily on the Mediterranean diet, which is known for its high usage of olive oil as a main fat source. The results indicate that olive oil, when consumed on a consistent basis, can reduce the levels of inflammatory markers. It has been observed to be particularly effective in managing levels of interleukin-6. The results obtained from the review of these trials suggest that olive oil can indeed be a beneficial supplement to diet with potential impacts on managing inflammation and related diseases. They hint at potential effectiveness of olive oil as a nutritious factor in mitigating the adverse impacts of a diet high in unhealthy fats, by providing it as a healthier alternative.

A Review Article published in 2020 in the journal The American Journal of Chinese Medicine found that The Chrysanthemum indicum L. plant has been discovered to have multiple pharmacological capabilities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidation, antipathogenic, anticancer, immune regulation, and hepatoprotective effects. In their study, the researchers undertook an extensive review of Chrysanthemum indicum L., a longstanding staple of traditional Chinese medicine. They examined the botany, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of the plant, integrating historical records relating to traditional medicinal usage with modern scientific analyses. In the discussion of their findings, they made note of the plant's impressive pharmacological portfolio. More than 190 chemical compounds have been identified within the plant, including flavonoids, terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, and phenolic acids. These contribute to a variety of medical benefits - illustratively, its extracts show anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidation properties, and compounds isolated from the plant suggest potential anticancer, antipathogenic microorganism, immune regulation, and hepatoprotective effects.

A Review Article published in 2020 in the journal Journal of Ethnopharmacology found that Prunus mume fruit extracts display hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, antibacterial effects, and show promise for treating cancer and alleviating chemotherapy side-effects. The authors conducted an extensive database retrieval via SciFinder, PubMed, and various other resources using relevant keywords such as "Prunus mume", "Chinese plum", "Japanese apricot", and "cancer". They also consulted relevant textbooks, patents, reviews, and digital documents (in English). The purpose was to analyze the anticancer activities of the P. mume extracts and their potential use to prevent or treat cancers. They also aimed to review the use of the P. mume extracts to alleviate the side effects of chemotherapy, notably drug-induced gastrointestinal toxicities. In addition to showing hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antibacterial effects, the P. mume extracts were found to exhibit anticancer properties. Specifically, the extracts inhibited proliferation and induced apoptotic death of multiple types of cancer cells from both solid and hematological tumors. Furthermore, the extracts were found useful in treating mucositis and other gastrointestinal damages induced by anticancer drugs. The scientists profiled key natural products found in the extracts including ursolic acid and oleanic acid. However, they call for more robust evidence of anticancer activity in humans.

A Review Article published in 2020 in the journal Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry found that Peppermint's extensive applications, especially its antimicrobial and antioxidant features, and potential health benefits can significantly increase its market value in various industries. The study assembled and examined various research papers concerning the drying methods of peppermint. The focus was on how different drying methods affect the drying time, rate and enhancement of quality in terms of color and physical properties. As peppermint is a highly perishable and seasonal plant, efficient drying is important to extend its shelf life, decrease packaging and transportation costs, and generally ensure its availability all year round. In the analysis of the results, the health benefits of peppermint were reviewed in depth, highlighting its anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fungal properties, among others. Other beneficial advantages such as its anti-asthmatic, allopathic, spasmolytic, anti-headache, anti-septic, and radioactive properties were also in the spotlight, implying the enormous potential of peppermint in not just the food and cosmetic industries, but the medical and biotechnological area as well. This suggests that the plant can be leveraged more for wider human prosperity.

A Systematic Review published in 2019 in the journal Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine found that A combination of peppermint oil and caraway oil is an effective and safe short-term treatment for functional dyspepsia. It is the first attempt to generate RCT data of peppermint oil and caraway oil (POCO) for the treatment of functional dyspepsia. In this meta-analysis, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of POCO based on five RCTs with 578 patients. The results demonstrated that POCO can significantly improve global symptoms of FD, with an NNT of 3 when data from four studies were pooled. The positive and significant efficacy in terms of improvement in epigastric pain was also shown between the two studies. Moreover, the available data have found that the safety profile of POCO is similar to placebo. The strength of our findings is that no significant heterogeneity was detected across the studies. Besides, study designs of the included trials were fairly similar and the duration of treatment was identical. We used rigorous methodology as follows and believe that the results reflect the best available current evidence. Firstly, our literature search was comprehensive including all RCTs regardless of publication type and language. Besides, we adopted the intention-to-treat analysis on all data to enhance the robustness of the results.

A Review Article published in 2019 in the journal Antioxidants found that Avocado's nutritional and therapeutic properties show potential for novel drug discovery in prevention and treatment of prevalent diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular issues. The methodology utilized in this review was an extensive summary and assessment of research conducted in recent decades with emphasis on avocado's nutritional and therapeutic properties, along with its unique biochemical profile. Special focus was given to the major metabolites of avocado, their antioxidant properties, as well as their bioavailability and pharmacokinetic features. The discussion of results involved highlighting the potential of avocado in novel drug discovery for the prevention and treatment of a variety of diseases like cancer, microbial, inflammatory, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Emanating from the unique bioactive compounds and antioxidant contents of avocado, it’s clear that the fruit has much more to offer in terms of medicinal value than is currently explored today.

A Review Article published in 2019 in the journal Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine found that Honey can protect the bone via its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, primarily through its polyphenol content that acts upon several signalling pathways, leading to bone anabolic and antiresorptive effects. This review aims to summarize the current evidence on the effects of honey on bone health. The evidence reported so far indicates a skeletal-beneficial effect of honey in animal models of osteoporosis. However, the number of studies on humans is limited. The literature shows that honey has promising skeletal-beneficial effects in preventing osteoporosis. Many types of honey have been shown to prevent bone loss in various animal models via its high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Nevertheless, the efficacy of honey seems to be dose-dependent, whereby very high or low dosage will not produce desirable results on the skeleton.

A Review Article published in 2019 in the journal Agricultural Reviews found that Cocoa and cocoa products, enriched with polyphenols, have potential health benefits including enhanced vascular function, cancer prevention, and improvement in learning and memory. The authors carried out an extensive review of the nutritional profile of cocoa beans, focusing on the high content of carbohydrates, protein, fat, fiber, and minerals. Significantly, they pinpointed bioactive compounds, especially polyphenols (flavonoids and nonflavonoids), as key constituents, attributing to cocoa its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Emphasis was placed on the consumption of flavonoid-rich chocolates and its potential health benefits. The findings of the research underscore multiple health benefits from cocoa's flavonoids. These include an improvement in peripheral vascular function and a suppression of molecular processes linked with cancer. Notably, the flavonoids have been observed to heighten insulin sensitivity and reduce oxidative damage. They also seem to concentrate in brain areas associated with learning and memory. These insights collectively support the integration of cocoa and its products as a part of a nutritious and balanced diet.

A Review Article published in 2019 in the journal Applied Ecology and Environmental Research found that Chrysanthemum, rich in unique chemical compounds, offers significant health benefits such as stress relief, cardio protection, immunity boost, improved eye health, and osteoporosis risk reduction. The study primarily focuses on evaluating the most important chemical extracts of chrysanthemum. These include flavonoids, betaine, choline, and vitamin B1. Further, the researchers identified thirteen compounds unique to chrysanthemum flowers. These were extracted and analyzed to unveil their potential health benefits. In the discussion of results, the authors highlight chrysanthemum's impressive range of health benefits stemming from its chemical composition. It is revealed that chrysanthemum can potentially alleviate stress and anxiety while improving cardiovascular health. It also has properties to guard against oxidative damage and inflammation, support a healthy immune function, enhance eye health, and lessen the risk of osteoporosis. Interestingly, the herb's beneficial traits align with its traditional use in Chinese medicine, underscoring chrysanthemum's potential in promoting holistic, organic health.

A Systematic Review published in 2019 in the journal Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition found that Black pepper, beyond its culinary use, offers medicinal benefits like antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory properties mainly attributed to the compound piperine. The study was a systematic review of existing scientific data on the traditional uses, composition, and pharmacological attributes of black pepper. Information was gathered from recognized databases such as Science Direct and Google Scholar, as well as books and other online resources. The study primarily focused on literature in English and evaluated traditional medicinal uses of black pepper in various regions, the common ailments it was used to address, and the preferred modes of preparation. The results of the study affirm the significant medicinal qualities of black pepper. Its antimicrobial activity was demonstrated against various pathogens, and it showed strong antioxidant effects against several reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. The research also highlighted the anticancer effects of black pepper on cell lines from various sites including breast, colon, cervix, and prostate. Furthermore, the benefits of black pepper in managing diabetes and lipid levels in the body were also confirmed. It was also noted for its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anticonvulsant, and neuroprotective effects. Piperine was identified as the major bioactive compound in black pepper which is responsible for these beneficial effects along with other compounds such as piperic acid, piperlonguminine, and more.

A Randomised Controlled Trial published in 2019 in the journal Nutrients found that Daily consumption of tart cherry juice for 12 weeks showed anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties which may reduce blood pressure and lower LDL cholesterol in older adults. In the randomized-controlled clinical trial conducted, 37 participants aged between 65 and 80 were given either 480 mL of tart cherry juice or a control drink to consume daily for a span of 12 weeks. Blood biomarkers linked to inflammation and oxidative stress were analyzed both at the start and after the 12 weeks intervention. Post the intervention period, levels of several inflammation and oxidative stress blood biomarkers in the tart cherry juice group observed notable differences compared to the control group. Particularly, a perceivable elevation in DNA repair activity coupled with a reduced mean c-reactive protein level was seen. Furthermore, a significant group effect was seen in plasma levels of c-reactive protein and malondialdehyde, with a slightly less significant effect observed for oxidized low-density lipoprotein. Post- intervention plasma levels showed a decreasing trend, with c-reactive protein, malondialdehyde, and oxidized low-density lipoprotein falling by 25%, 3%, and 11% respectively compared to the baseline values.

A Systematic Review published in 2019 in the journal BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies found that Peppermint oil has been shown to be a safe and effective treatment for pain and overall symptoms in adults suffering from irritable bowel syndrome. In their research, the authors conducted a systematic search across numerous scientific databases, including, but not limited to, MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov, EMBASE, and Web of Science. The aim was to find randomized controlled trials that investigated the effects of peppermint oil on irritable bowel syndrome. They assessed the eligible studies using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. The primary outcomes they concentrated on were global improvement in irritable bowel syndrome symptoms and abdominal pain. Through their intensive research, they were able to include twelve randomized trials with 835 patients. They performed a random-effects meta-analysis on the primary outcomes. Peppermint oil was found to significantly improve global symptoms and reduce abdominal pain. This demonstrated that peppermint oil could be a beneficial treatment option for irritable bowel syndrome patients.

A Randomised Controlled Trial published in 2019 in the journal Food & Function found that Daily consumption of tart cherry juice may enhance cognitive abilities in older adults, likely due to reduction of hypertension, inflammation, and oxidative stress. In this randomized controlled trial, 37 adults aged between 65 and 80 years with normal cognitive function were assigned to consume two cups of Montmorency tart cherry juice daily for a duration of 12 weeks. Participants' subjective memory and objective cognitive performance were evaluated at the starting point and after the 12-week juice supplementation using a validated memory questionnaire and a standard assortment of tests designed for cognitive assessment. Factors such as daily caloric intake and physical activity levels were also monitored during the study. After the 12-week intervention, participants who consumed tart cherry juice showed an improvement in their contentment with memory scores, demonstrated decreased scores of movement time, and performed better on a task of paired associates learning when compared to the control group. Notably, the results revealed that the tart cherry juice group demonstrated improvements on measures of visual sustained attention and spatial working memory relative to their own baseline values. These findings suggest that the potential benefits of tart cherry juice to cognitive abilities might be attributed to the juice's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and its capacity to reduce blood pressure.

A Review Article published in 2019 in the journal Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease found that Cherries and their products have antioxidant properties, the capacity to inhibit the acute inflammatory response to urate crystals, and the ability to decrease bone resorption that is characteristic of gouty bone erosions. Phenolics, and more specifically, the anthocyanins found abundantly in cherries, have been linked to the inhibition of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, COX-I and COX-II, as well as the downregulation of NFkB-mediated osteoclastogenesis, suggesting that cherries may have the ability to reduce both acute and chronic inflammation that play a role in recurrent gout flares and chronic destructive arthropathy. Additionally, cyanidin-3-glucoside enhanced genes related to osteoblast differentiation, suggesting that anthocyanins may also play a role in bone formation.

A Theoretical Article published in 2019 in the journal Applied Ecology and Environmental Research found that Chrysanthemum, a plant primarily grown in China and Japan, offers significant health benefits including stress reduction, cardiovascular improvement, and lowering osteoporosis risk. The study focused on Chrysanthemum, a notable plant in the ornamental industry and traditional Chinese medicine, mainly grown in China and Japan. The researchers identified its crucial chemical extracts such as flavonoids, betaine, choline, and vitamin B1. They additionally pinpointed thirteen significant compounds of chrysanthemum flowers, including acacetin-7-0-beta- D-glucopyranoside, luteolin, acaciin, and boscialin, among others. The findings revealed that chrysanthemum tea exhibits considerable health advantages. It eases stress and anxiety, enhances cardiovascular health, protects against oxidative damage, inhibits inflammation, supports healthy immune function, ameliorates eye health, and decreases the risk for osteoporosis. In traditional Chinese medicine, chrysanthemum is considered a cold herb that dispels pathogenic heat, aids the liver, improves eyesight, and promotes detoxification. The study, therefore, endorsed the treatment with natural Chinese herbal medicine, especially chrysanthemum, over synthetic drugs for a more organic life.

A Experimental Study published in 2018 in the journal Nutrients found that Danggui Buxue Tang (DBT) supplement helps reduce running times and control exercise-induced hepcidin levels, boosting iron levels and speeding up iron balance during recovery. The study consisted of 36 recreationally active males who were arbitrarily assigned to receive either DBT or a placebo for 11 days, in groups following their aerobic capacities. On the eighth day, they were subjected to a 13-km run at maximum effort. Blood and urine samples were collected and analysed both before the treatment (Pre-Tre), immediately after the run (Post-Ex), and 24 hours as well as 72 hours after the run. The findings showed that those supplemented with DBT significantly reduced their running times by 14.0% (12.3 minutes) in comparison to the placebo group. A notable difference was observed in serum hepcidin and iron levels. The DBT supplement suppressed the hepcidin levels after the run and 24 hours into recovery, leading to a significant increase in iron levels both immediately after the run and 72 hours post run. Despite this, DBT showed no significant anti-inflammatory or preventative effects against haemolysis.

A Review Article published in 2018 in the journal Frontiers in Pharmacology found that Lycopene may improve vascular function and contributes to the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disorders. The main activity profile of lycopene includes antiatherosclerotic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, antiplatelet, anti-apoptotic, and protective endothelial effects, the ability to improve the metabolic profile, and reduce arterial stiffness. In this context, lycopene has been shown in numerous studies to exert a favorable effect in patients with subclinical atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, stroke and several other cardiovascular disorders, although the obtained results are sometimes inconsistent, which warrants further studies focusing on its bioactivity.

A Systematic Review published in 2018 in the journal Molecules found that The biomarkers that were significantly different between black seeds and white sesame seeds are highly related to the functions recorded in traditional Chinese medicine. Chemical composition of secondary metabolites is of great importance for quality control of agricultural products. Black sesame seeds are significantly more expensive than white sesame seeds, because it is thought that black sesame seeds are more beneficial to human health than white sesame seeds. However, the differences in nutrient composition between black sesame seeds and white sesame seeds are still unknown. The current study examined the levels of different metabolites in black and white sesame seeds via the use of a novel metabolomics strategy. Using widely targeted metabolomics data, we obtained the structure and content of 557 metabolites, out of which 217 metabolites were identified, and discovered 30 metabolic pathways activated by the secondary metabolites in both black and white sesame seeds. Our results demonstrated that the main pathways that were differentially activated included: phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, tyrosine metabolism, and riboflavin metabolism. More importantly, the biomarkers that were significantly different between black seeds and white sesame seeds are highly related to the functions recorded in traditional Chinese medicine. The results of this study may serve as a new theoretical reference for breeding experts to promote the genetic improvement of sesame seeds, and therefore the cultivation of higher quality sesame varieties.

A Systematic Review published in 2018 in the journal Acupuncture in Medicine found that Acupuncture showed a more favourable effect in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation than lumbar traction, ibuprofen, diclofenac sodium and meloxicam. Thirty RCTs involving 3503 participants were included in the study. Meta-analysis showed that acupuncture had a higher total effective rate than lumbar traction, ibuprofen, diclofenac sodium and meloxicam. Acupuncture was also better than lumbar traction and diclofenac sodium in terms of visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, and better than lumbar traction with respect to Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores. In addition, the total effective rate in five individual trials was greater for acupuncture than for mannitol plus dexamethasone and mecobalamin, ibuprofen plus fugui gutong capsule, loxoprofen, mannitol plus dexamethasone and huoxue zhitong decoction, respectively. Additionally, two individual trials showed a superior effect of acupuncture in VAS scores comparedwith ibuprofen or mannitol plus dexamethasone, respectively.

A Systematic Review published in 2018 in the journal Food Science and Human Wellness found that The consumption of mung beans and sprouts in regular basis are not only providing nutrients, but also maintains the microbial flora in the gut, reduces the absorption of toxic compounds, decreases the menace of obesity, hypercholesterolemia, and cardiovascular diseases, and also prevents cancer and diabetes. Based on the high constituents and efficacy of the bioactive compounds, mung beans are playing a greater role in radical scavenging activities, detoxification, and also exhibits chemo-preventive effects. These compounds have the potential health benefit as a complementary and alternative medicine which is exerted for its antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-obesity, hypolipidemic, and potent chemopreventive properties.

A Review Article published in 2018 in the journal Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity found that Honey, a natural food supplement, emerges as a potent therapeutic antioxidant with diverse medicinal effects, including wound healing, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antiviral, and antidiabetic properties, suggesting its potential as a novel antioxidant in managing oxidative stress-related diseases. The research extensively reviews honey's medicinal effects, emphasizing its role as a therapeutic antioxidant. The study explores various mechanisms, including the modulation of multiple signaling pathways and molecular targets. The evidence-based research underscores honey's role in alleviating diseases linked to oxidative stress. The reviewed pathways include caspase induction, cytokine stimulation, cell cycle regulation, and modulation of inflammatory markers. The comprehensive exploration of honey's therapeutic potential indicates its promise as a standalone or adjuvant antioxidant, necessitating further experimental and clinical investigation.

A Experimental Study published in 2017 in the journal Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition found that Coffee consumption, particularly caffeinated coffee, predominantly exhibits anti-inflammatory effects, contrasting with caffeine's complex impact on inflammation. The study analysed 15 clinical trials concerning the impact of coffee, caffeine, or coffee components on inflammatory markers. Of these, eight focused on coffee and seven on caffeine with no regard for publication date. These trials tested, under varying conditions, the effect of coffee or caffeine consumption against placebos, or compared inflammatory marker levels before and after consumption. There was no discrimination of the used coffee's processing method, whether filtered or medium/dark roasted. The study discovered that, out of the seven trials comparing filtered coffee/caffeinated coffee with a placebo, or comparing baseline levels versus post-consumption, adiponectin levels increased in four. On the other hand, caffeine trials showed no change. C-reactive protein (CRP) levels remained unchanged in all five studies that considered the effects of coffee. Interestingly, only one out of three trials showed decreased CPR levels in reaction to caffeine. Additionally, Interleukin (IL)-6 level increased when caffeinated coffee was compared with placebo in one out of four coffee trials and with caffeine in three out of five studies. Finally, caffeine consumption resulted in increased IL-10 levels in two out of three trials.

A Systematic Review published in 2017 in the journal BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies found that Acupoint-stimulation can relieve pain effectively in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea and offers advantages compared with treatment by NSAIDs. The current evidence reveals that acupoint-stimulation in the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea has some obvious advantages compared with treatment by NSAIDs. The advantages are that acupoint-stimulation can alleviate the symptoms of dysmenorrhoea, reduce the level of peripheral blood PGF2α and has fewer side effect, so it can be used to treat primary dysmenorrhea patients, especially individuals with NSAIDs contraindication.

A Randomised Controlled Trial published in 2017 in the journal Journal of Nutritional Science found that Gold kiwifruit supplementation increases the abundance of the beneficial gut bacterium Faecalibacterium, which could potentially enhance gut microbiota composition and reduce inflammation. This research was conducted on two groups of participants: one healthy and the other suffering from Functional Constipation (FC). The groups, one containing 20 individuals (one of whom did not complete the study) and the other 9, were given ACTAZIN™ green (in doses of 2400mg and 600mg) and Livaux™ (2400 mg) gold kiwifruit supplements, as well as a placebo in the form of isomalt. The study design was a randomized cross-over structure carried out over 4 weeks, with 2 weeks washout periods between each stage. Changes in faecal microbiota composition and metabolism were assessed using 16S RNA gene sequencing and Gas Chromatography (GC), and colonic pH was measured via SmartPill wireless motility capsules. The baseline measurements showed that the composition of the faecal microbiota differed significantly between the two groups, with certain bacterial taxa such as Bacteroidales markedly more abundant in the healthy group, while others, including Ruminococcaceae, were more prevalent in the FC group. The clearest change affected by the nutrient supplementation was an increase in Faecalibacterium abundance in the FC group following Livaux™ supplementation, a result observed in nearly all participants in this group. As lower proportions of Faecalibacterium are often linked with gastrointestinal disorders, this increase suggests that the supplements could offer a strategy for ameliorating these conditions.

A Experimental Study published in 2016 in the journal Food Chemistry found that In 2004, polyphenols were isolated from mung bean sprouts, which exert antibacterial activity against Helicobacter pylori, one of the most common causative organisms in gastrointestinal disorders. The utility of bioactive compounds from food legumes as natural antimicrobial agents are commonly known as biocides. Mung bean sprouts have potent antiviral and prophylactic activities against respiratory syncytial virus and Herpes Simplex virus −1, and these activities were comparable with Acyclovir. The underlying mechanism was attributed to active components of mung bean sprouts potentially induce antiviral cytokines in human cells and thereby nullify the actions on viral proliferation. Similarly, antifungal and antiviral potency of two beans proteins, designated alpha (28 kDa) and beta (28 kDa) proteins were isolated and were capable of inhibiting human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase and glycohydrolases associated with HIV infection. Further, antifungal peptides (7.3 kDa, 9.03 kDa) were isolated from beans, which exerted an antifungal effects and inhibited mycelial growth in Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, Pythium aphanidermatum, Sclerotium rolfsii, Mycosphaerella arachidicola, and antibacterial effects on Staphylococcus aureus. In addition, two proteins, Mungin (18-kDa) and chitinase (30.8 kDa) isolated from mung bean seeds possess antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani, Coprinus comatus, Mycosphaerella arachidicola, Botrytis cinerea, and Fusarium oxysporum. Mungin and chitinase exert an inhibitory activity against α- and β-glucosidases, suppressing [3H] thymidine in the corporation by mouse splenocytes. In 2004, polyphenols were isolated from mung bean sprouts, which exert antibacterial activity against Helicobacter pylori, one of the most common causative organisms in gastrointestinal disorders. Furthermore, several in vitro and in vivo studies have also been reported that mung bean seeds are protective against sepsis.

A Review Article published in 2016 in the journal Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia found that The bioactive compounds in Chrysanthemums can be used to develop next generation, multi-functional drugs for various diseases including diabetes and prostate cancer. The methodology comprised a detailed literature review to understand the organic components found in dried Chrysanthemum flowers, such as alkanes, flavonoids, terpinoids, unsaturated fatty acids, and polysaccharides. These components are classified as secondary constituents within Phytochemicals. The study then focused on understanding the bioactive compounds in the Chrysanthemums, to explore their potential use in novel drug development processes. The results showed that the Chrysanthemum plant, due to its antifungal, antibacterial and anti-inflammation activities, holds great promise for biomolecules research. It was found that the phytochemical properties of Chrysanthemums can serve as the foundation for the production of non-toxic and eco-friendly drugs. This implies that these plants could play a crucial role in addressing global health concerns, such as diabetes and prostate cancer, in the future.

A Animal Study published in 2016 in the journal Scientific Reports found that Dried plum was found to be most effective in reducing bone resorption and preventing bone loss caused by ionizing radiation exposure. The methodology of the study involved evaluating different interventions with antioxidant or anti-inflammatory activities; these included an antioxidant cocktail, dihydrolipoic acid, ibuprofen, and dried plum. These substances were tested for their ability to reduce the expression of resorption-related genes in marrow cells after these cells were exposed to gamma rays or simulated space radiation. This involved monitoring the effects on key genes related to bone resorption like Nfe2l2, Rankl, Mcp1, Opg, and TNF-α. In the discussion of results, dried plum was highlighted as the most effective intervention in reducing the expression of genes related to bone resorption. It significantly blunted the gene effects which tend to escalate bone-loss. Moreover, dried plum was additionally effective in preventing later cancellous bone loss caused by irradiation, either from photons or heavy ions. The finding suggests that dietary supplementation with dried plum might offset the skeletal effects of radiation exposures, whether in the context of space or on Earth.

A Clinical Study published in 2016 in the journal Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition found that Powdered tart cherry supplementation surrounding endurance exercise can decrease muscle damage markers, inflammation, oxidative stress and muscle soreness, while improving performance. In this study, 27 endurance-trained runners were matched based on their race pace, age, body mass, and fat-free mass. The runners were split into two groups in a double-blind manner: a placebo group given capsules containing 480 mg of rice flour and a tart cherries group given CherryPURE® capsules. These were ingested daily for 10 days, including on the day of the half-marathon and up to 48 hours post-race. The results showed that runners given tart cherry supplementation completed their half-marathon faster (by 13%) than those given a placebo. Moreover, the tart cherry group had less muscle damage markers over time, a steady increase in antioxidant activity during recovery, 47% lower inflammatory markers, and a 34% lower pre-run soreness in the medial quadriceps compared to the placebo group. These results demonstrate the beneficial effects of tart cherry supplementation on performance and recovery in aerobically trained individuals.

A Systematic Review published in 2016 in the journal Complementary Medicine Research found that Acupuncture therapy is more effective than NSAID in improving clinical efficacy rates and pain scores for treatment of chrondomalacia patellae. To our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis of acupuncture therapy in the treatment of CMP. Seven RCT involving 707 patients with CMP were selected for this meta-analysis. Based on the findings of the present systematic review, acupuncture therapy can further improve the clinical effect and pain scores when compared with NSAID controls. However, the potential beneficial effect of acupuncture is possibly overstated owing to the low general methodological quality of the included RCT. Conclusions regarding the safety of acupuncture therapy cannot be drawn since the eligible trials provide no evidence on this aspect.

A Randomised Controlled Trial published in 2015 in the journal Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies found that Short-term acupuncture treatment is more effective than ibuprofen for mild to moderate carpal tunnel syndrome. In our study, none of the patients treated with acupuncture developed complications, whereas five patients treated with ibuprofen had gastrointestinal side effects (we then used omeprazole); however, none of them withdrew from the study due to the adverse effects. Therefore, acupuncture is superior in safety as well. The limitations of this study include the low number of treatment sessions in the group treated with acupuncture. If the number of treatment sessions were added, better therapeutic results may have been obtained. Overall, it seems that acupuncture is a relatively uncomplicated and safe treatment option for patients with mild to moderate CTS and can improve symptoms and electrodiagnostic parameters.

A Review Article published in 2015 in the journal Food and Agricultural Immunology found that Adzuki beans possessed strong ABTS free-radical-scavenging capacity and α-glucosidase inhibition activity. All the adzuki beans possessed strong ABTS free-radical-scavenging capacity and α-glucosidase inhibition activity. Significant positive correlations of the antioxidant activity with total phenolic acids, total flavonoids and free caffeic acid contents were observed. These results are anticipated to providing useful information on the development of adzuki bean-based functional food.

A Experimental Study published in 2014 in the journal Arthritis Research & Therapy found that Epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG), found in green tea, can significantly slow down osteoarthritis progression and reduce associated pain in a post-traumatic osteoarthritis mouse model. C57BL/6 mice were operated to destabilize the medial meniscus mimicking post-traumatic osteoarthritis or were subjected to a sham surgery as a control. From the day of the surgery, the mice were given daily injections of EGCG or a vehicle control for either four or eight weeks. The severity of osteoarthritis was evaluated by staining and scoring techniques, detection of type II collagen and aggrecan, as well as through the measurement of enzyme expression involved in cartilage degradation. After the surgery, at both four and eight weeks, the cartilage in EGCG-treated mice showcased lesser cartilage erosion and staining loss than the control mice. Furthermore, it also revealed lower osteoarthritis scores and reduced levels of enzymes implicated in cartilage degradation. The EGCG-treated mice exhibited elevated expression of genes that regulate these enzymes. Additionally, EGCG positively affected the cartilage's gene expression level for both pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines. EGCG treatment also resulted in a reduction of osteoarthritis-associated pain, reflected in higher locomotor behavior and a decrease in the expression of inflammatory cytokines and a chemokine receptor in the dorsal root ganglion.

A Systematic Review published in 2014 in the journal BMC Chemistry found that Germination is thought to improve the nutritional and medicinal qualities of mung beans. In recent years, studies have shown that the sprouts of mung beans after germination have more obvious biological activities and more plentiful secondary metabolites since relevant biosynthetic enzymes are activated during the initial stages of germination. During the germination process of the mung bean, its chemical constituents undergo a series of biochemical reactions. One such reaction is the synthesis of small active compounds from macromolecular substances, promoting absorption and utilization. Another change observed during germination is the formation and accumulation of many types of active substances, such as polyphenols, saponins, vitamin C, etc. Therefore, we believes that these changes in the chemical composition of mung beans during germination will lead to substantial and important changes in the pharmacological activities of mung beans as well.

A Systematic Review published in 2014 in the journal BMC Chemistry found that A study demonstrated that all pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-12β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and inducible NO synthase (iNOS), were dramatically down regulated in cells treated with 3.7 mg/mL polyphenols. In Asia, mung beans have been used in various cuisines and in folk remedies to treat toxic poisoning, heat stroke associated with thirst, irritability, and fever; these beneficial effects of mung beans are thought to be related to the inflammatory response. Researchers have analyzed the anti-inflammatory effects of mung bean ethanol extracts on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. The extract mainly included polyphenols, gallic acid, vitexin, and isovitexin and markedly reduced the activity of murine macrophages through the prevention of pro-inflammatory gene expression without cytotoxicity. Moreover, a study demonstrated that all pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-12β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and inducible NO synthase (iNOS), were dramatically down regulated in cells treated with 3.7 mg/mL polyphenols. These results suggested that the ethanol extract had great potential to improve the clinical symptoms of inflammation-associated diseases, such as allergies and diabetes. The immune modulatory activities of mung bean water extracts and monomers on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) have also been evaluated by BrdU immunoassay, secretion of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and IL-10, and elucidation of the responding cells by flow cytometry. The results demonstrated that 20 μg/mL genistein, phytic acid, and syringic acid induce a Th1-predominant immune response through significant suppression of IL-10 secretion and promotion of IFN-γ secretion. The study concluded that several non-nutritional ingredients of mung beans, such as flavonoids, acids, and plant hormones, are most likely to be important in the modulation of human immunity.

A Systematic Review published in 2014 in the journal BMC Chemistry found that Mung bean protein, tannin, and other polyphenols are thought to combine with organophosphorus pesticides, mercury, arsenic, and other heavy metals, promoting the excretion of sediments from the body. In ancient books, mung beans were well known for their detoxification activities. Mung bean protein, tannin, and other polyphenols are thought to combine with organophosphorus pesticides, mercury, arsenic, and other heavy metals, promoting the excretion of sediments from the body. Mung beans have been shown to possess antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities. Moreover, mung beans have antidiabetic, antihypertensive, lipid metabolism accommodation, antihypertensive, and antitumor effects, among others.

A Review Article published in 2014 in the journal Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine found that Honey proves to be an effective, cost-efficient treatment for diabetic wounds due to its natural properties, including antibacterial activity and control over inflammation. The researchers reviewed the role of honey in healing diabetic wounds, specifically focusing on its antibacterial properties. They examined the honey's ability to combat several microorganisms that are involved in the wound process, and assessed the extent of its antioxidant activity, which plays a key role in controlling inflammation. They also analyzed how honey was used in traditional medicine and compared it to its current resurgence in treating diabetic wounds. In their discussion of results, the researchers found that honey appears to work more effectively on diabetic wounds compared to other synthetic medications. The studies suggested that honey could be a safer, faster, and more economical healing agent for diabetic wounds due to its effectiveness against microbial resistance. Furthermore, honey's unique natural features as a wound healer demonstrated strong potential in the wound healing process, affirming its traditional claims.

A Review Article published in 2013 in the journal Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry found that Recent phytochemical studies of jujube fruits have shed some light on their biological effects, such as the anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiobesity, immunostimulating, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and gastrointestinal protective activities and inhibition of foam cell formation in macrophages. The nutritional jujube (Ziziphus jujube Mill.) fruit belonging to the Rhamnaceous family grows mostly in Europe, southern and eastern Asia, and Australia, especially the inland region of northern China. Jujube has a long history of usage as a fruit and remedy. The main biologically active components are vitamin C, phenolics, flavonoids, triterpenic acids, and polysaccharides. Recent phytochemical studies of jujube fruits have shed some light on their biological effects, such as the anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiobesity, immunostimulating, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, and gastrointestinal protective activities and inhibition of foam cell formation in macrophages. A stronger focus on clinical studies and phytochemical definition of jujube fruits will be essential for future research efforts. This review may be useful for predicting other medicinal uses and potential drug or food interactions and may be beneficial for people living where the jujube fruits are prevalent and health care resources are scarce.

A Review Article published in 2012 in the journal Journal of Psychopharmacology found that Curcumin, a component of Indian spice turmeric, presents a potential natural treatment for depression, influencing neurotransmitters and protecting against several biological systems compromised in depression. The research methodology involved an extensive review of the varying influences and effects of curcumin on systems implicated in depression. These included neurotransmitter systems like serotonin and dopamine which are critical to mood regulation. The study also explored the effects of curcumin on hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal disturbances, famously associated with stress response and mood disorders. In terms of results, curcumin demonstrated promising potential as an antidepressant in animal models of depression. Additionally, it was found to help moderate damage to neurological systems and intestinal permeability, both of which are often compromised in major depressive disorders. It also exhibited properties that could help lower inflammation and protect against oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage. Together, these findings position curcumin as a promising natural treatment for depression.

A Randomised Controlled Trial published in 2012 in the journal Journal of Food Studies found that Tart cherry juice may lessen inflammation, thus reducing pain in women with osteoarthritis, according to changes noted in specific inflammatory serum biomarkers. This study used a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial design, involving twenty women with inflammatory osteoarthritis, aged between 40 to 70 years. The participants were given 10.5 ounce bottles of tart cherry juice or a placebo cherry drink to consume twice daily for a span of 21 consecutive days. Pain was assessed at the start and the end of the intervention period. At these same junctures, blood samples were collected to monitor the influence of the juice on serum biomarkers of inflammation: C-Reactive Protein, Interleukin-6, Interleukin-10, and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha. The results depicted that the group consuming tart cherry juice experienced a significant reduction in the serum biomarker, C-Reactive Protein, an indication of lowered inflammation. This is suggestive that tart cherry juice could be an efficient way of reducing inflammation, and subsequently, the pain experienced by women suffering from osteoarthritis.

A Systematic Review published in 2011 in the journal Pain Medicine found that Ginger can reduce the direct activation of type 3 and 4 afferent nerve fibers by substances such as bradykinin and sensitization of afferent fibers by prostaglandins and cytokines. Due to a paucity of well-conducted trials, evidence of the efficacy of Z. officinale to treat pain remains insufficient. However, the available data provide tentative support for the anti-inflammatory role of Z. officinale constituents, which may reduce the subjective experience of pain in some conditions such as osteoarthritis. Further rigorous trials therefore seem to be warranted.

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