Insights & Discussion
Morinda citrifolia (Noni) exhibits potential therapeutic activities for treating central nervous system disorders by targeting mainly receptors, enzyme transporters, and has neuroprotective activity.
The research involved gathering existing scholarly literature across databases such as ResearchGate, Medline, and Wikipedia. It focused on the impact of the Noni plant on receptors, enzyme transporters, and the various methods for evaluating CNS disorders. The antidepressant effects of the Morinda citrifolia fruit were assessed in vitro using Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) A and B bioassays. The antipsychotic activity was determined by measuring the degree of inhibition of dopaminergic receptors by the Methanolic extract of Noni.
In the discussion of the results, the findings suggested that Morinda citrifolia fruit has potential therapeutic benefits. The Noni fruit appears to work synergistically due to its constituent active compounds that inhibit MAOA and MAOB enzymes, displaying antidepressant activity. Moreover, it showed an antipsychotic activity attributed to the Methanolic extract of Noni inhibiting dopaminergic receptors. Other notable activities include anti-craving for alcohol dependence, judged by CPP test, anxiolytic activity exhibited by the administration of benzodiazepine and MMC in mouse models, and also neuroprotective ability by reducing brain impairment caused by reperfusion injury.
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Morinda citrifolia root extracts display significant antibacterial activity against various bacteria, with the highest impact against Campylobacter spp.
2024 PLOS One In vitro antibacterial activity of Morinda citrifolia extracts against eight pathogenic bacteria species Obeng-Boateng F, Kpordze SW, Addy F
Antibacterial Campylobacter Noni
The study investigates the antibacterial properties of various forms of Morinda citrifolia (root, leaf, and fruit- fresh, dried, and fermented). These were extracted through distilled water and varied concentrations of ethanol(60%, 80%, 100%). The antibacterial assessments were conducted using the agar well diffusion method, utilizing Ciprofloxacin as a positive control. While all forms of the plant showed some degree of antibacterial performance, the root extracts were found to have the most significant influence.
The analysis of the results reveals a variance in antibacterial activity amongst the different extracts and the concentration of the solvents used. Among the solvents, the 100% ethanol extracts showed the most significant zones of inhibition. Certain bacteria, such as Enterococcus faecium, Campylobacter spp., and Bacillus cereus, were found to be more sensitive to the plant extracts. In contrast, Shigella spp. and Klebsiella spp. demonstrated resistance to most of the extracts. The study concludes a promising potential for antibacterial applications of M. citrifolia extracts.
Noni fruit and its compounds demonstrate significant potential in cancer therapy by inducing apoptosis, arresting cell cycle, inhibiting angiogenesis, and modulating immune system.
2024 Phytotherapy Research Anticancer and chemopreventive potential of Morinda citrifolia L. bioactive compounds: A comprehensive update Kitic D, Miladinovic B, Randjelovic M, Szopa A, Seidel V, Prasher P, et al.
Systematic Review Anticancer Noni
In this study, a systematic review was put forth to scrutinize the therapeutic effectiveness of Morinda citrifolia L., commonly known as Noni, specifically looking into its effects on various forms of cancer. The review employed an extensive search of various scientific databases to gather relevant literature. This included both in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as clinical trials, specifically focusing on the outcomes of Noni fruit and its phytoconstituents - anthraquinones, flavonoids, sugar derivatives, and neolignans - on cancer. A carefully structured keyword and criteria search ensured a robust collection and analysis of data.
The plethora of studies compiled point out to Noni's complex role in cancer therapy, underlining its various bioactive elements and their methods of activity. Significant anticancer and chemopreventive potential of Noni was observed, establishing it as potentially a safe and effective option in cancer prevention and treatment.
Honey exhibits multifaceted benefits for brain health, acting as a memory booster, neuroprotective agent, anti-stress, and anti-nociceptive substance, fostering potential therapeutic applications to enhance overall cognitive well-being.
2023 Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience Honey on brain health: A promising brain booster Zamri NA, Ghani N, Ismail CAN, Zakaria R, Shafin N
Review Article Brain Health Cognitive Function Honey
This review scrutinizes 34 original articles exploring the impact of honey on brain health. Honey, traditionally known as a natural sweetener, emerges as a versatile substance with applications in nutrition, health supplementation, and brain health enhancement. The analysis identifies four key benefits: memory enhancement, neuroprotection, stress reduction, and pain alleviation. The review emphasizes the growing interest in understanding the mechanisms that underlie these effects, paving the way for potential therapeutic roles of honey in promoting cognitive well-being.
The literature review underscores the significant role of honey in brain health research, shedding light on its diverse benefits, including memory improvement, neuroprotection, stress mitigation, and pain relief. The emphasis on unraveling the underlying mechanisms reflects a broader interest in establishing honey's therapeutic potential for enhancing overall brain health. This comprehensive exploration of honey's effects on cognition opens avenues for developing novel therapeutic strategies harnessing honey's natural properties.
Noni fruit juice enhances immune system function, primarily by boosting natural killer cell activity and increasing interferon-gamma production, which promotes phagocytosis.
2023 Journal of Biosciences and Medicines The Influence of Noni Fruit Juice on Immune System Function West BJ, Uwaya A, Isami F, Tomida N, Swartz F, Deng S, et al.
Review Article Antioxidant Immunity Noni
The research was conducted using several human, animal, and in vitro studies to gain insight into the immunomodulatory effects of noni fruit juice. They observed the impact on natural killer cell activity and monitored interferon-gamma production to assess improvements in immune function. Further investigation was carried out to identify how noni influences this process, with a focus on kinase 1/2, protein kinase B, and nuclear factor-kappa-beta signaling. In addition, they carried out trials to evaluate the antioxidant properties of noni juice.
The studies showed that noni juice significantly enhances the immune system's function. This was evidenced by an increase in natural killer cell activity, which likely contributes to improved health outcomes and survival times as seen in previous case reports. Furthermore, they saw an increase in interferon-gamma production, known to boost natural killer cell activity and phagocytosis. They also discovered that noni promotes regulatory cytokine expression, which supports immune response. Additionally, noni juice demonstrated considerable antioxidant properties, implying a positive effect on oxidative status, a key player in immune function.
Green tea's catechins demonstrate therapeutic effects against neurodegenerative diseases via anti-inflammatory, antioxidant actions, and activating diverse brain cellular pathways.
2022 Molecules Green Tea Catechins Attenuate Neurodegenerative Diseases and Cognitive Deficits Afzal O, Dalhat MH, Altamimi ASA, Rasool R, Alzarea SI, Almalki WH, et al.
Review Article Alzheimer's Disease Cognitive Function Green Tea
The research primarily evaluates the effect of polyphenolic compounds found in green tea, known as catechins, on neurodegenerative diseases. By conducting several interventional and observational studies on humans, the research explores the anti-cancer, anti-obesity, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties of these compounds. The biological, pharmacological, antioxidant, and metal chelating abilities of catechins, particularly their influence on different cellular pathways within the brain, are intensively studied.
The results elucidate that catechins exhibit multiple neuroprotective effects. Their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties help to inhibit excessive production of cytokines, and inflammatory pathways, while also controlling metal ions and free radicals. Researchers have further established that catechins may curb the phosphorylation of the tau protein and aggregation of amyloid beta, both key markers in neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, these compounds show potential in reducing alpha-synuclein levels and augmenting dopamine levels. Hence, they significantly contribute to the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, multiple sclerosis, and cognitive deficits.
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